webservice框架有很多,比如axis、axis2、cxf、xFire等等,做服务端和做客户端都可行,个人感觉使用这些框架的好处是减少了对于接口信息的解析,最主要的是减少了对于传递于网络中XML的解析,代价是你不得不在你的框架中添加对于这些框架的依赖。个人观点是:服务端使用这些框架还行,如果做客户端,没必要使用这些框架,只需使用httpclient即可。
一、创建并发布一个简单的webservice应用
1、webservice 代码:
import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint; @WebService
public class HelloWorld {
@WebMethod
public String sayHello(String str){
System.out.println("get Message...");
String result = "Hello World, "+str;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("server is running");
String address="http://localhost:9000/HelloWorld";
Object implementor =new HelloWorld();
Endpoint.publish(address, implementor);
} }
2、运行项目,并访问 "http://localhost:9000/HelloWorld?wsdl",得到wsdl文件,说明webservice发布成功
例如天气的wsdl:http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl
二、客户端访问webservice
1、通过 HttpClient 及 HttpURLConnection 发送SOAP请求,代码如下:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; public class TestHelloWrold {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String wsdl = "http://localhost:9000/HelloWorld?wsdl";
int timeout = 10000;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
sb.append("<soap:Envelope "
+ "xmlns:api='http://demo.ls.com/' "
+ "xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' "
+ "xmlns:xsd='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' "
+ "xmlns:soap='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/'>");
sb.append("<soap:Body>");
sb.append("<api:sayHello>");
sb.append("<arg0>ls</arg0>");
sb.append("</api:sayHello>");
sb.append("</soap:Body>");
sb.append("</soap:Envelope>"); // HttpClient发送SOAP请求
System.out.println("HttpClient 发送SOAP请求");
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(wsdl);
// 设置连接超时
client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
// 设置读取时间超时
client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
// 然后把Soap请求数据添加到PostMethod中
RequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(sb.toString(), "text/xml", "UTF-8");
//设置请求头部,否则可能会报 “no SOAPAction header” 的错误
postMethod.setRequestHeader("SOAPAction","");
// 设置请求体
postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);
int status = client.executeMethod(postMethod);
// 打印请求状态码
System.out.println("status:" + status);
// 获取响应体输入流
InputStream is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// 获取请求结果字符串
String result = IOUtils.toString(is);
System.out.println("result: " + result); // HttpURLConnection 发送SOAP请求
System.out.println("HttpURLConnection 发送SOAP请求");
URL url = new URL(wsdl);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
conn.setReadTimeout(timeout); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
dos.write(sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8"));
dos.flush(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
String line = null;
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
strBuf.append(line);
}
dos.close();
reader.close(); System.out.println(strBuf.toString());
}
}
响应报文如下:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<S:Body>
<ns2:sayHelloResponse xmlns:ns2="http://demo.ls.com/">
<return>Hello World, ls</return>
</ns2:sayHelloResponse>
</S:Body>
</S:Envelope>
SOAP的请求报文的格式是怎么来的呢?
(1)可用Eclipse测试WSDL文件,则可得到想要的SOAP请求及响应报文,具体步骤如下图:
第一步:
第二步:
通过第一步,会在浏览器打开如下的页面
(2)saopui工具拿到soap报文
soapUI是一个开源测试工具,通过soap/http来检查、调用、实现Web Service的功能/负载/符合性测试。该工具既可作为一个单独的测试软件使用,也可利用插件集成到Eclipse,maven2.X,Netbeans 和intellij中使用。soapUI pro是soapUI的商业非开源版本,实现的 功能较开源的soapUI更多。
a、首先得安装soapUI 4.5.2,安装后打开,截图如下:
b、右键点击“Projects”创建工程,截图如下:
c、双击展开左侧创建的工程下所有节点,最后双击“Request 1”节点,在右侧即可拿到soap格式消息,这个就是我们后面作为客户端调用服务端的报文内容,截图如下:
2、生成客户端代码访问
a、通过 "wsimport"(JDK自带)命令生成客户端代码。进入命令行模式,执行 wsimport -s . http://localhost:9000/HelloWorld?wsdl,就会在当前目录下生成客户端代码。附图:
b、通过Eclipse生成客户端代码
(1).生成本地代码后可以直接调用,比如调用天气webservice接口:
package hanwl.TestDemo; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException; import cn.com.WebXml.WeatherWebService;
import cn.com.WebXml.WeatherWebServiceLocator;
import cn.com.WebXml.WeatherWebServiceSoap; public class TestWebservice {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherWebService weatherWebService = new WeatherWebServiceLocator();
WeatherWebServiceSoap weatherWebServiceSoap = null;
try {
weatherWebServiceSoap = weatherWebService.getWeatherWebServiceSoap();
} catch (ServiceException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} String[] cityweather = null;
//String[] city={"北京","上海","深圳","广州"};
try {
cityweather = weatherWebServiceSoap.getWeatherbyCityName("北京");//不输入默认为上海市
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} for(String s :cityweather){
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println("------------------------");
}
} }
(2).httpclient作为客户端调用天气webservice
package hanwl.TestDemo; import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource; public class TestWebservice2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub
String wsdl = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl";
int timeout = 1000;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
sb.append("<soapenv:Envelope "
+ " xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' "
+ " xmlns:q0='http://WebXml.com.cn/' "
+ " xmlns:xsd='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' "
+ " xmlns:soapenv='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/' >");
sb.append("<soapenv:Body>");
sb.append("<q0:getWeatherbyCityName>");
sb.append("<q0:theCityName>唐山</q0:theCityName> ");
sb.append("</q0:getWeatherbyCityName>");
sb.append("</soapenv:Body>");
sb.append("</soapenv:Envelope>"); // HttpClient发送SOAP请求
System.out.println("HttpClient 发送SOAP请求");
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(wsdl);
// 设置连接超时
client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
// 设置读取时间超时
client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
// 然后把Soap请求数据添加到PostMethod中
RequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(sb.toString(), "text/xml", "UTF-8");
//设置请求头部,否则可能会报 “no SOAPAction header” 的错误
//postMethod.setRequestHeader("SOAPAction","");
// 设置请求体
postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);
int status = client.executeMethod(postMethod);
// 打印请求状态码
System.out.println("status:" + status);
// 获取响应体输入流
InputStream is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// 获取请求结果字符串
String result = IOUtils.toString(is);
Document dc = strXmlToDocument(result);
// Element root = dc.getRootElement();
// System.out.println(root.getName());
// System.out.println("result: " + result); } public static Document strXmlToDocument(String parseStrXml){
Document document = null;
try {
document = DocumentHelper.parseText(parseStrXml);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> list = root.elements();
getElement(list);
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return document;
} private static void getElement(List<Element> sonElemetList) {
// Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
for (Element sonElement : sonElemetList) {
if (sonElement.elements().size() != 0) {
System.out.println(sonElement.getName() + ":");
getElement(sonElement.elements());
}else{
System.out.println(sonElement.getName() + ":"+ sonElement.getText());
} }
}
}
三、总结
优点:
1.使用httpclient作为客户端调用webservice,不用关注繁琐的webservice框架,只需找到SOAP消息格式,添加httpclient依赖就行。
2.使用httpclient调用webservice,建议采用soap1.1方式调用,经测试使用soap1.1方式能调用soap1.1和soap1.2的服务端。
缺点:
唯一的缺点是,你得自己解析返回的XML,找到你关注的信息内容。
参考地址:https://blog.****.net/zilong_zilong/article/details/53932667
https://blog.****.net/gzxdale/article/details/74242359