双链表中每个节点包含指向当前和之后节点的指针,插入节点到双链表中需要考虑四种情况:
1、插入到链表头部
2、插入到链表尾部
3、插入到空链表中
4、插入到链表内部
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0 //指针fwd指向前一个节点,bwd指向后一个节点
typedef struct NODE {
struct NODE *fwd;
struct NODE *bwd;
int value;
} Node; //插入value到双链表中,rootPtr为指向节点的指针
int doubleLinklistInsert(Node *rootPtr, int value)
{
Node *this;
Node *next;
Node *newNode; for(this = rootPtr; (next = this -> fwd) != NULL; this = next){
//如果节点值已经存在
if(next -> value == value){
return FALSE;
}
//找到插入位置
if(next -> value > value){
break;
}
} //分配内存
newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(newNode == NULL){
return FALSE;
} newNode -> value = value; /*插入节点一共四种情况
1.插入到头部
2.插入到尾部
3.插入到中间
4.插入到空链表中
*/
//如果插入到头部部或者内部
if(next != NULL){
//插入到内部
if(this != rootPtr){
newNode -> fwd = next;
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
next -> bwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到头部,newNode的bwd为NULL
newNode -> fwd = next;
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
next -> bwd = newNode;
}
}else{
//插入到尾部或者空表中
if(this != rootPtr){
//插入到尾部,修改根指针的bwd和fwd
newNode -> fwd = NULL;
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
rootPtr -> bwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到空链表中
newNode -> fwd = NULL;
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
this -> fwd = newNode;
this -> bwd = newNode;
}
} return TRUE;
} int main()
{
Node third;
Node second;
Node first; third = (Node){NULL, &second, 4};
second = (Node){&third, &first, 2};
first = (Node){&second, NULL, 1}; Node root = {&first, &third, -1};
Node *rootPtr = &root; doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, 35);
doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, -10);
doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, 3); rootPtr = &root;
while((rootPtr = rootPtr -> fwd) != NULL){
printf("%d\t", rootPtr -> value);
}
return 0;
}
运行:
优化:
1.语句提炼
对于下面的代码可以从if语句中,提取出共同的部分。
if(x = 3){
i = 1;
something;
}else{
i = 1;
something different;
}
将共同的i=1,提取出if语句
i = 1;
if(x = 3){
something;
}else{
something different;
}
代码提炼:提取共同项
if(next != NULL){
newNode -> fwd = next;
next -> bwd = newNode;
//插入到内部
if(this != rootPtr){
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到头部,newNode的bwd为NULL
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
}
}else{
//插入到尾部或者空表中
newNode -> fwd = NULL;
this -> fwd = newNode;
if(this != rootPtr){
//插入到尾部,修改根指针的bwd和fwd
newNode -> bwd = this;
rootPtr -> bwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到空链表中
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
this -> bwd = newNode;
}
}
对于下面的情况
if(field!= NULL){
pointer = field;
}else{
pointer=NULL;
}
//第二种情况field等于NULL,所以上面条件语句可以写成
pointer =field;
要找出看起来虽然不一样,但逻辑上是相同的代码,进行简化,这里第二个else中this此时是等于rootPtr的,所以相同, this转换成rootPtr,然后提取出。提取之后两个条件语句中都有:
if(this != rootPtr){
//插入到尾部,修改根指针的bwd和fwd
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到空链表中
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
}
提取出来:
if(this != rootPtr){
//插入到尾部,修改根指针的bwd和fwd
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
}else{
//插入到空链表中
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
} if(next != NULL){
newNode -> fwd = next;
next -> bwd = newNode;
//插入到内部
}else{
//插入到尾部或者空表中
newNode -> fwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> bwd = newNode;
}
下面的第二个else中的next是NULL,所以NULL可以转换一下,继续提取出来:
newNode -> fwd = next;
if(next != NULL){
next -> bwd = newNode;
}else{
rootPtr -> bwd = newNode;
} if(this != rootPtr){
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
}else{
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
}
提取出来,最终简化版:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0 //指针fwd指向前一个节点,bwd指向后一个节点
typedef struct NODE {
struct NODE *fwd;
struct NODE *bwd;
int value;
} Node; //插入value到双链表中,rootPtr为指向节点的指针
int doubleLinklistInsert(Node *rootPtr, int value)
{
Node *this;
Node *next;
Node *newNode; for(this = rootPtr; (next = this -> fwd) != NULL; this = next){
//如果节点值已经存在
if(next -> value == value){
return FALSE;
}
//找到插入位置
if(next -> value > value){
break;
}
} //分配内存
newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(newNode == NULL){
return FALSE;
} newNode -> value = value; /*插入节点一共四种情况
1.插入到头部
2.插入到尾部
3.插入到中间
4.插入到空链表中
*/
//如果插入到头部部或者内部 newNode -> fwd = next;
if(next != NULL){
next -> bwd = newNode;
}else{
rootPtr -> bwd = newNode;
} if(this != rootPtr){
newNode -> bwd = this;
this -> fwd = newNode;
}else{
newNode -> bwd = NULL;
rootPtr -> fwd = newNode;
} return TRUE;
} int main()
{
Node third;
Node second;
Node first; third = (Node){NULL, &second, 4};
second = (Node){&third, &first, 2};
first = (Node){&second, NULL, 1}; Node root = {&first, &third, -1};
Node *rootPtr = &root; doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, 35);
doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, -10);
doubleLinklistInsert(rootPtr, 3); rootPtr = &root;
while((rootPtr = rootPtr -> fwd) != NULL){
printf("%d\t", rootPtr -> value);
}
return 0;
}
运行:
通过提炼语句,消除if语句中的重复语句。