Spring AOP--返回通知,异常通知和环绕通知

时间:2022-11-11 00:46:00

在上篇文章中学习了Spring AOP,并学习了前置通知和后置通知。地址为:http://www.cnblogs.com/dreamfree/p/4095858.html

在本文中,将继续上篇的学习,继续了解返回通知、异常通知和环绕通知。具体的含义详见代码注释

 1 package com.yl.spring.aop;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Arrays;
 4 
 5 import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
 6 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 7 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
 8 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
 9 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
10 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
11 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
12 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
13 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
14 
15 @Component
16 @Aspect
17 public class LoggingAspect {
18     
19     /**
20      * 在com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator接口的每一个实现类的每一个方法开始之前执行一段代码
21      */
22     @Before("execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
23     public void beforeMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
24         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
25         Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
26         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(args));
27     }
28     
29     /**
30      * 在com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator接口的每一个实现类的每一个方法执行之后执行一段代码
31      * 无论该方法是否出现异常
32      */
33     @After("execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
34     public void afterMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
35         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
36         Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
37         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + Arrays.asList(args));
38     }
39     
40     /**
41      * 方法正常结束后执行的代码
42      * 返回通知是可以访问到方法的返回值的
43      */
44     @AfterReturning(value="execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))", returning="result")
45     public void afterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result) {
46         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
47         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " return with " + result);
48     }
49     
50     /**
51      * 在方法出现异常时会执行的代码
52      * 可以访问到异常对象,可以指定在出现特定异常时在执行通知代码
53      */
54     @AfterThrowing(value="execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))", throwing="ex")
55     public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception ex) {
56         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
57         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs exception: " + ex);
58     }
59     
60     /**
61      * 环绕通知需要携带ProceedingJoinPoint类型的参数
62      * 环绕通知类似于动态代理的全过程:ProceedingJoinPoint类型的参数可以决定是否执行目标方法。
63      * 而且环绕通知必须有返回值,返回值即为目标方法的返回值
64      */
65     @Around("execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
66     public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjd) {
67         Object result = null;
68         String methodName = pjd.getSignature().getName();
69         //执行目标方法
70         try {
71             //前置通知
72             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
73             result = pjd.proceed();
74             //返回通知
75             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
76         } catch (Throwable e) {
77             //异常通知
78             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs expection : " + e);
79             throw new RuntimeException(e);
80         }
81         //后置通知
82         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
83         return result;
84     }
85     
86 }

 

切面的优先级  

  为项目增加一个新的切面类,负责验证功能,则需要指定切面执行的顺序。即切面的优先级。具体方法是给切面类增加@Order注解,并指定具体的数字,值越小优先级越高

 1 package com.yl.spring.aop;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Arrays;
 4 
 5 import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
 6 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
 7 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
 8 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
 9 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
10 
11 /**
12  * 可以使用@Order注解指定切面的优先级,值越小优先级越高
13  * @author yul
14  *
15  */
16 @Order(2)
17 @Component
18 @Aspect
19 public class ValidationAspect {
20     
21     @Before("execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
22     public void vlidateArgs(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
23         System.out.println("validate: " + Arrays.asList(joinPoint.getArgs()));
24     }
25 }

 切点表达式的重用:

  在LoggingAspect类中,切点的表达式可以先定义,在使用。

 1 package com.yl.spring.aop;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Arrays;
 4 
 5 import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
 6 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
 7 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
 8 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
 9 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
10 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
11 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
12 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
13 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
14 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
15 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
16 @Order(1)
17 @Component
18 @Aspect
19 public class LoggingAspect {
20     
21     /**
22      * 定义一个方法,用于声明切入点表达式。一般的,该方法中再不需要添加其他的代码
23      * 使用@Pointcut 来声明切入点表达式
24      * 后面的其他通知直接使用方法名直接引用方法名即可
25      */
26     @Pointcut("execution(public int com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.*(..))")
27     public void declareJoinPointExpression() {
28         
29     }
30     
31     /**
32      * 在com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator接口的每一个实现类的每一个方法开始之前执行一段代码
33      */
34     @Before("declareJoinPointExpression()")
35     public void beforeMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
36         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
37         Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
38         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(args));
39     }
40     
41     /**
42      * 在com.yl.spring.aop.ArithmeticCalculator接口的每一个实现类的每一个方法执行之后执行一段代码
43      * 无论该方法是否出现异常
44      */
45     @After("declareJoinPointExpression()")
46     public void afterMethod(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
47         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
48         Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
49         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + Arrays.asList(args));
50     }
51     
52     /**
53      * 方法正常结束后执行的代码
54      * 返回通知是可以访问到方法的返回值的
55      */
56     @AfterReturning(value="declareJoinPointExpression()", returning="result")
57     public void afterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result) {
58         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
59         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " return with " + result);
60     }
61     
62     /**
63      * 在方法出现异常时会执行的代码
64      * 可以访问到异常对象,可以指定在出现特定异常时在执行通知代码
65      */
66     @AfterThrowing(value="declareJoinPointExpression()", throwing="ex")
67     public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception ex) {
68         String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
69         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs exception: " + ex);
70     }
71     
72     /**
73      * 环绕通知需要携带ProceedingJoinPoint类型的参数
74      * 环绕通知类似于动态代理的全过程:ProceedingJoinPoint类型的参数可以决定是否执行目标方法。
75      * 而且环绕通知必须有返回值,返回值即为目标方法的返回值
76      */
77     @Around("declareJoinPointExpression()")
78     public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjd) {
79         Object result = null;
80         String methodName = pjd.getSignature().getName();
81         //执行目标方法
82         try {
83             //前置通知
84             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " begins with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
85             result = pjd.proceed();
86             //返回通知
87             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends with " + Arrays.asList(pjd.getArgs()));
88         } catch (Throwable e) {
89             //异常通知
90             System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " occurs expection : " + e);
91             throw new RuntimeException(e);
92         }
93         //后置通知
94         System.out.println("The method " + methodName + " ends");
95         return result;
96     }
97     
98 }

当处于不同的类,甚至不同的包时,可以使用包名.类名.方法名    

具体代码如下:

 1 package com.yl.spring.aop;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Arrays;
 4 
 5 import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
 6 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
 7 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
 8 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
 9 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
10 
11 /**
12  * 可以使用@Order注解指定切面的优先级,值越小优先级越高
13  * @author yul
14  *
15  */
16 @Order(2)
17 @Component
18 @Aspect
19 public class ValidationAspect {
20     
21     @Before("com.yl.spring.aop.LoggingAspect.declareJoinPointExpression()")
22     public void vlidateArgs(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
23         System.out.println("validate: " + Arrays.asList(joinPoint.getArgs()));
24     }
25 }