在伪分布式模式和全分布式模式下 HBase 是架构在 HDFS 上的,因此完全可以将MapReduce 编程框架和 HBase 结合起来使用。也就是说,将 HBase 作为底层“存储结构”,
MapReduce 调用 HBase 进行特殊的处理,这样能够充分结合 HBase 分布式大型数据库和MapReduce 并行计算的优点。
相对应MapReduce的hbase实现类:
1)InputFormat 类:HBase 实现了 TableInputFormatBase 类,该类提供了对表数据的大部分操作,其子类 TableInputFormat 则提供了完整的实现,用于处理表数据并生成键值对。TableInputFormat 类将数据表按照 Region 分割成 split,既有多少个 Regions 就有多个splits。然后将 Region 按行键分成<key,value>对,key 值对应与行健,value 值为该行所包含的数据。
2)Mapper 类和 Reducer 类:HBase 实现了 TableMapper 类和 TableReducer 类,其中TableMapper 类并没有具体的功能,只是将输入的<key,value>对的类型分别限定为 Result 和ImmutableBytesWritable。IdentityTableMapper 类和 IdentityTableReducer 类则是上述两个类的具体实现,其和 Mapper 类和 Reducer 类一样,只是简单地将<key,value>对输出到下一个阶段。
3)OutputFormat 类:HBase 实现的 TableOutputFormat 将输出的<key,value>对写到指定的 HBase 表中,该类不会对 WAL(Write-Ahead Log)进行操作,即如果服务器发生
故障将面临丢失数据的风险。可以使用 MultipleTableOutputFormat 类解决这个问题,该类可以对是否写入 WAL 进行设置。
代码:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
public class WordCountHBase {
// 实现 Map 类
public static class Map extends
Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
word.set(itr.nextToken());
context.write(word, one);
}
}
}
// 实现 Reduce 类
public static class Reduce extends
TableReducer<Text, IntWritable, NullWritable> {
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
Iterator<IntWritable> iterator = values.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
sum += iterator.next().get();
}
// Put 实例化,每个词存一行
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(key.toString()));
// 列族为 content,列修饰符为 count,列值为数目
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("content"), Bytes.toBytes("count"),
Bytes.toBytes(String.valueOf(sum)));
context.write(NullWritable.get(), put);
}
}
// 创建 HBase 数据表
public static void createHBaseTable(String tableName)
throws IOException {
// 创建表描述
HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
// 创建列族描述
HColumnDescriptor col = new HColumnDescriptor("content");
htd.addFamily(col);
// 配置 HBase
Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","master");
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
HBaseAdmin hAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
if (hAdmin.tableExists(tableName)) {
System.out.println("该数据表已经存在,正在重新创建。");
hAdmin.disableTable(tableName);
hAdmin.deleteTable(tableName);
}
System.out.println("创建表:" + tableName);
hAdmin.createTable(htd);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String tableName = "wordcount";
// 第一步:创建数据库表
WordCountHBase.createHBaseTable(tableName);
// 第二步:进行 MapReduce 处理
// 配置 MapReduce
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
// 这几句话很关键
conf.set("mapred.job.tracker", "master:9001");
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","master");
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
conf.set(TableOutputFormat.OUTPUT_TABLE, tableName);
Job job = new Job(conf, "New Word Count");
job.setJarByClass(WordCountHBase.class);
// 设置 Map 和 Reduce 处理类
job.setMapperClass(Map.class);
job.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);
// 设置输出类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
// 设置输入和输出格式
job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
job.setOutputFormatClass(TableOutputFormat.class);
// 设置输入目录
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path("hdfs://master:9000/in/"));
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}
}
常见错误及解决方法:
1、java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableOutputFormat
错误输出节选:
13/09/10 21:14:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201308101437_0016
13/09/10 21:14:02 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%
13/09/10 21:14:16 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201308101437_0016_m_000007_0, Status : FAILED
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableOutputFormat
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.getClass(Configuration.java:849)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobContext.getOutputFormatClass(JobContext.java:235)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task.initialize(Task.java:513)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapTask.run(MapTask.java:353)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child$4.run(Child.java:255)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:396)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1149)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Child.main(Child.java:249)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableOutputFormat
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:249)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.getClassByName(Configuration.java:802)
at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.getClass(Configuration.java:847)
... 8 more
错误原因:
相关的类文件没有引入到 Hadoop 集群上。
解决步骤:
A、停止HBase数据库:
[hadoop@master bin]$ stop-hbase.sh
stopping hbase............
master: stopping zookeeper.
[hadoop@master bin]$ jps
16186 Jps
26186 DataNode
26443 TaskTracker
26331 JobTracker
26063 NameNode
停止Hadoop集群:
[hadoop@master bin]$ stop-all.sh
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. stopping jobtracker
master: Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
master:
master: stopping tasktracker
node1: Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
node1:
node1: stopping tasktracker
stopping namenode
master: Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
master:
master: stopping datanode
node1: Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
node1: stopping datanode
node1:
node1: Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
node1:
node1: stopping secondarynamenode
[hadoop@master bin]$ jps
16531 Jps
B、需要配置 Hadoop 集群中每台机器,在 hadoop 目录的 conf 子目录中,找 hadoop-env.sh文件,并添加如下内容:
# set hbase environment
export HBASE_HOME=/opt/modules/hadoop/hbase/hbase-0.94.11-security
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$HBASE_HOME/hbase-0.94.11-security.jar:$HBASE_HOME/hbase-0.94.11-security-tests.jar:$HBASE_HOME/conf:$HBASE_HOME/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar
C、重新启动集群和hbase数据库。