一 广度优先遍历(BFS)
//广度优先遍历二叉树,借助队列,queue
public static void bfs(TreeNode root){
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>(); //队列需要使用linkedlist来初始化
if(root == null)
return;
queue.add(root);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
TreeNode node = queue.poll();
System.out.print(node.val + " ");
if(node.left != null)
queue.add(node.left);
if(node.right != null)
queue.add(node.right);
}
}
二 深度优先遍历(DFS)
//深度优先遍历二叉树,借助堆栈,stack
public static void dfs(TreeNode root){
Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>(); //借助stack
if(root == null)
return;
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){ //若栈非空
TreeNode node = stack.pop();
System.out.print(node.val + " ");
if(node.right != null) //先将右孩子结点压入堆栈
stack.push(node.right);
if(node.left != null) //然后将左孩子结点压入堆栈
stack.push(node.left);
}
}
三、先序遍历非递归(preOrder)
/**
* 迭代(即深度优先遍历二叉树)
* 先序遍历二叉树
* @param root
* @return
*/
public static List<Object> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
if(root == null)
return list;
Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
stack.add(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
TreeNode node = stack.pop();
list.add(node.val);
if(node.right != null) //先压入右子树
stack.push(node.right);
if(node.left != null) //再压入左子树
stack.push(node.left);
}
System.out.println(list);
return list;
}
四、中序遍历非递归(inOrder)
/**
* 迭代
* 中序遍历二叉树
* @param root
* @return
*/
public static List<Object> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
if(root == null)
return list;
Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<TreeNode>();
TreeNode p = root;
while(p != null || !s.isEmpty()){
while(p != null){
s.push(p);
p = p.left;
}
p = s.pop();
list.add(p.val);
p = p.right;
}
System.out.println(list);
return list;
}
五、后序遍历非递归(postOrder)
//后序非递归遍历二叉树
public static List<Object> postOrder(TreeNode root){
List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
if(root == null)
return list;
Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
TreeNode node = root, prev = root; //pre记录上一个已经输出的结点
while (node != null || stack.size() > 0) {
while (node != null) {
stack.push(node);
node = node.left;
}
TreeNode temp = stack.peek().right; //在出栈之前,先判断栈顶元素的右孩子结点
if (temp == null || temp == prev) { //当前节点无右子树或右子树已经输出
node = stack.pop();
list.add(node.val);
prev = node; //记录上一个已输出结点
node = null;
} else {
node = temp; //处理右子树
}
}
System.out.println(list);
return list;
}