一个java程序员自学IOS开发之路(十一)

时间:2023-02-12 20:21:04

最近学习的进度慢了点,因为年底之前有个新项目要上线,而且每次业务人员过来一次,需求就有变动,于是不停的改改改= =!唉~不说了心好累

2015/11/29

Day 43

事件的产生和传递

发生触摸事件后,系统会将该事件加入到一个由UIApplication管理的事件队列中

 

UIApplication会从事件队列中取出最前面的事件,并将事件分发下去以便处理,通常,先发送事件给应用程序的主窗口(keyWindow)

 

主窗口会在视图层次结构中找到一个最合适的视图来处理触摸事件,这也是整个事件处理过程的第一步

 

找到合适的视图控件后,就会调用视图控件的touches方法来作具体的事件处理

touchesBegan…

touchesMoved…

touchedEnded…

 

UIView不接收触摸事件的三种情况

不接收用户交互

userInteractionEnabled = NO

隐藏

hidden = YES

透明

alpha = 0.0 ~ 0.01

提示:UIImageView的userInteractionEnabled默认就是NO,因此UIImageView以及它的子控件默认是不能接收触摸事件的

 

触摸事件处理的详细过程

用户点击屏幕后产生的一个触摸事件,经过一些列的传递过程后,会找到最合适的视图控件来处理这个事件

 

找到最合适的视图控件后,就会调用控件的touches方法来作具体的事件处理

touchesBegan…

touchesMoved…

touchedEnded…

 

这些touches方法的默认做法是将事件顺着响应者链条向上传递,将事件交给上一个响应者进行处理

 

响应者链条示意图

 一个java程序员自学IOS开发之路(十一)

响应者链的事件传递过程

1. 如果view的控制器存在,就传递给控制器;如果控制器不存在,则将其传递给它的父视图

2. 在视图层次结构的最*视图,如果也不能处理收到的事件或消息,则其将事件或消息传递给window对象进行处理

3. 如果window对象也不处理,则其将事件或消息传递给UIApplication对象

4. 如果UIApplication也不能处理该事件或消息,则将其丢弃

监听触摸事件的做法

如果想监听一个view上面的触摸事件,之前的做法是

自定义一个view

实现view的touches方法,在方法内部实现具体处理代码

 

通过touches方法监听view触摸事件,有很明显的几个缺点

必须得自定义view

由于是在view内部的touches方法中监听触摸事件,因此默认情况下,无法让其他外界对象监听view的触摸事件

不容易区分用户的具体手势行为

 

iOS 3.2之后,苹果推出了手势识别功能(Gesture Recognizer),在触摸事件处理方面,大大简化了开发者的开发难度

UIGestureRecognizer

为了完成手势识别,必须借助于手势识别器----UIGestureRecognizer

 

利用UIGestureRecognizer,能轻松识别用户在某个view上面做的一些常见手势

 

UIGestureRecognizer是一个抽象类,定义了所有手势的基本行为,使用它的子类才能处理具体的手势

UITapGestureRecognizer(敲击)

UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合,用于缩放)

UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖拽)

UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)

UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)

UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)

 

UITapGestureRecognizer

  • 每一个手势识别器的用法都差不多,比如UITapGestureRecognizer的使用步骤如下
  • 创建手势识别器对象

UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] init];

 

  • 设置手势识别器对象的具体属性

// 连续敲击2次

tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;

// 需要2根手指一起敲击

tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2;

 

  • 添加手势识别器到对应的view上

[self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:tap];

 

  • 监听手势的触发

[tap addTarget:self action:@selector(tapIconView:)];

 

手势识别的状态

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
    // 没有触摸事件发生,所有手势识别的默认状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,
    // 一个手势已经开始但尚未改变或者完成时
    UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,
    // 手势状态改变
    UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,
    // 手势完成
    UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,
    // 手势取消,恢复至Possible状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, 
    // 手势失败,恢复至Possible状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,
    // 识别到手势识别
    UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
};

然后利用UIGestureRecognizer做了一个旋转,缩放,拖拽view的demo,操作的是一个ImageView,代码如下

@interface ViewController () <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *image;
@end

@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //缩放
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinch = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pinchView:)];
    pinch.delegate = self;
    [self.image addGestureRecognizer:pinch];
    //旋转
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotate = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotateView:)];
    rotate.delegate = self;
    [self.image addGestureRecognizer:rotate];
    //拖拽
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panView:)];
    pan.delegate = self;
    [self.image addGestureRecognizer:pan];
}

- (void)pinchView:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)pinch {
    pinch.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(pinch.view.transform, pinch.scale, pinch.scale);
    pinch.scale = 1;
}

- (void)rotateView:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)rotate {
    rotate.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(rotate.view.transform, rotate.rotation);
    rotate.rotation = 0;
}

- (void)panView:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan {
    CGPoint translation = [pan translationInView:pan.view];
    pan.view.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(pan.view.transform, translation.x, translation.y);
    [pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:pan.view];
} 

#pragma mark -代理方法
/** 使所有手势都有效 */
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer {
    return YES;
}
@end

然后是swift版的代码

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, UIGestureRecognizerDelegate {
    @IBOutlet weak var image: UIImageView!
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // 拖拽
        let pan = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: Selector.init("panView:"))
        pan.delegate = self
        self.image.addGestureRecognizer(pan)
        //旋转
        let rotate = UIRotationGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: Selector.init("rotateView:"))
        rotate.delegate = self
        self.image.addGestureRecognizer(rotate)
        //缩放
        let pinch = UIPinchGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: Selector.init("pinchView:"))
        pinch.delegate = self
        self.image.addGestureRecognizer(pinch)
    }

    func gestureRecognizer(gestureRecognizer: UIGestureRecognizer, shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer otherGestureRecognizer: UIGestureRecognizer) -> Bool {
        return true
    }

    func panView(pan:UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
        let translate = pan.translationInView(pan.view)
        pan.view?.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate((pan.view?.transform)!, translate.x, translate.y)
        pan.setTranslation(CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0), inView: pan.view)
    }

    func rotateView(rotate:UIRotationGestureRecognizer) {
        rotate.view?.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate((rotate.view?.transform)!, rotate.rotation)
        rotate.rotation = 0
    }

    func pinchView(pinch:UIPinchGestureRecognizer) {
        pinch.view?.transform = CGAffineTransformScale((pinch.view?.transform)!, pinch.scale, pinch.scale)
        pinch.scale = 1
    }
}