要想使用 java 的本地缓存,可以考虑用 ehcache,或者 guava。
guava 更高端一点,可以自动定时刷新。我选择了 ehcache。
在 spring 中是集成了 ehcache 的。要使用 ehcache 的话,只需要下面几步:
当然需要首先引入 ehcache 相关的 jar 包。可以采用配置 pom 文件使用 maven 依赖的方式。
一、在 spring 的 applicationContext.xml 配置文件中配置好 ehcache 相关的 bean
<!-- ehcache -->
<bean id="cacheManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="spring/ehcache.xml"/>
</bean>
<bean id="manager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager">
<property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
二、配置好 ehcache.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/> <defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="10000" eternal="false" timeToIdleSeconds="30" timeToLiveSeconds="30" overflowToDisk="false"/>
<!--
配置自定义缓存
maxElementsInMemory:缓存中允许创建的最大对象数
eternal:缓存中对象是否为永久的,如果是,超时设置将被忽略,对象从不过期。
timeToIdleSeconds:缓存数据的钝化时间,也就是在一个元素消亡之前,
两次访问时间的最大时间间隔值,这只能在元素不是永久驻留时有效,
如果该值是 0 就意味着元素可以停顿无穷长的时间。
timeToLiveSeconds:缓存数据的生存时间,也就是一个元素从构建到消亡的最大时间间隔值,
这只能在元素不是永久驻留时有效,如果该值是0就意味着元素可以停顿无穷长的时间。
overflowToDisk:内存不足时,是否启用磁盘缓存。
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy:缓存满了之后的淘汰算法。
-->
<cache name="TerritoryCache"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
overflowToDisk="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="900"
timeToLiveSeconds="1800"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LFU" /> </ehcache>
三、具体类中使用 CacheManager
@Component
public class TerritoryRangeCache {
@Autowired
EhCacheCacheManager manager; @Autowired
TerritoryRangeDao territoryRangeDao; Cache cache; public Object getAllTerritorRanges(String key) {
cache = manager.getCacheManager().getCache("TerritoryCache");
Object value = cache.get(key);
if (value == null) {
cache.putIfAbsent(new Element(key, territoryRangeDao.selectAll()));
return cache.get(key).getObjectValue();
}
return cache.get(key).getObjectKey();
}
}
其实具体类中使用注入的 EhCacheCacheManager 是 spring 自己封装过了的 CacheManager。要想获取引入的 ehCache 包里面的 CacheManager 的话,需要把spring 包装过的EhCacheCacheManager通过 getManager 拿出来。我们来看先EhCacheCacheManager的源码:
public class EhCacheCacheManager extends AbstractTransactionSupportingCacheManager { private net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager cacheManager; /**
* Create a new EhCacheCacheManager, setting the target EhCache CacheManager
* through the {@link #setCacheManager} bean property.
*/
public EhCacheCacheManager() {
} /**
* Create a new EhCacheCacheManager for the given backing EhCache CacheManager.
* @param cacheManager the backing EhCache {@link net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager}
*/
public EhCacheCacheManager(net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager cacheManager) {
this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
} /**
* Set the backing EhCache {@link net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager}.
*/
public void setCacheManager(net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager cacheManager) {
this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
} /**
* Return the backing EhCache {@link net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager}.
*/
public net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager getCacheManager() {
return this.cacheManager;
}
……
}
四、ehcaceh 的定时刷新,可以自己写一个方法,来更新缓存中的数据:
@Scheduled(cron = " ")
@PostConstruct
public void refreshAll() {
cache = manager.getCacheManager().getCache("key");
getAllTerritorRanges("territory_range");
}
可以加上上面的方法,来通过 cron 表达式中传入的参数来定时刷新缓存中的数据。
关于@PostConstruct的使用以及含义,会在我的另一篇博文中介绍~。可以先看下这个注解的源码:
package javax.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.*; /**
* The PostConstruct annotation is used on a method that needs to be executed
* after dependency injection is done to perform any initialization. This
* method MUST be invoked before the class is put into service. This
* annotation MUST be supported on all classes that support dependency
* injection. The method annotated with PostConstruct MUST be invoked even
* if the class does not request any resources to be injected. Only one
* method can be annotated with this annotation. The method on which the
* PostConstruct annotation is applied MUST fulfill all of the following
* criteria -
- The method MUST NOT have any parameters except in the case of EJB
* interceptors in which case it takes an InvocationC ontext object as
* defined by the EJB specification.
* - The return type of the method MUST be void.
* - The method MUST NOT throw a checked exception.
* - The method on which PostConstruct is applied MAY be public, protected,
* package private or private.
* - The method MUST NOT be static except for the application client.
* - The method MAY be final.
* - If the method throws an unchecked exception the class MUST NOT be put into
* service except in the case of EJBs where the EJB can handle exceptions and
* even recover from them.
* @since Common Annotations 1.0
* @see javax.annotation.PreDestroy
* @see javax.annotation.Resource
*/
@Documented
@Retention (RUNTIME)
@Target(METHOD)
public @interface PostConstruct {
}
看注释就能看懂吧~