Android中自定义View(1)

时间:2023-02-09 22:23:25
自定义View属性:

最近项目中经常需要用到自定义控件,因此自定义属性也是经常要用到的,在此说明一下自定义属性的用法:

自定义属性都存在于/value/attr.xml文件中,以如下格式存在。

    <resource>

        <declare-styleable name="自定义属性名称">

            <attr name="属性名称" format="属性种类"/>

                ......

        </declare-styleable>

    </resource>

对于自定义属性中的format的值及其含义如下:

format属性值:reference 、color、boolean、dimension、float、integer、string、fraction、enum、flag

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"

                     />

2. color:颜色值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <TextView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"

                     />

3. boolean:布尔值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    android:focusable = "true"

                    />

4. dimension:尺寸值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    />

5. float:浮点值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"

                   />

6. integer:整型值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <animated-rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"

                   />

7. string:字符串。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

                    />

8. fraction:百分数。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"

                   android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"

                   android:pivotX = "200%"

                   android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"

                   android:repeatMode = "restart"

                   android:repeatCount = "infinite"

                   />

9. enum:枚举值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <LinearLayout

                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>

10. flag:位或运算。

     (1)属性定义:

             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        

             </declare-styleable>

     (2)属性使用:

            <activity

                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>
             </activity>

特别要注意:

     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"

                     />

下面说说AttributeSet与TypedArray在自定义控件中的作用:

AttributeSet 的作用就是在控件进行初始化的时候,解析布局文件中该控件的属性(key eg:background)与该值(value eg:@drawable/icon)的信息封装在AttributeSet中,传递给该控件(View)的构造函数。对于非Android自带的属性,在View类中处理时是无法识别的,因此需要我们自己解析。所以这就要用到另外一个类TypedArray。在AttributeSet中我们有属性名称,有属性值,但是控件如何知道哪个属性代表什么意思呢?这个工作就由TypedArray来做了。TypedArray对象封装了/values/attrs.xml中的styleable里定义的每个属性的类型信息,通过TypedArray我们就可以知道AttributeSet中封装的值到底是干什么的了,从而可以对这些数据进行应用。

AttributeSet就相当于一盒糖,TypedArray就相当于这盒糖上的标签说明,告诉用户每个糖的口味等。这盒糖有什么口味是由用户自己的styleable文件里面的内容来决定的。

例如:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 

<resources>  <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView"> 

 <attr name="titleText" format="string/>  

<attr name="titleTextColor" format="color/>   

<attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension/>

</declare-styleable>   


  1. <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
  2.     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
  3.     xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"  
  4.     android:layout_width="match_parent"  
  5.     android:layout_height="match_parent" >  
  6.   
  7.     <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView  
  8.         android:layout_width="200dp"  
  9.         android:layout_height="100dp"  
  10.         custom:titleText="3712"  
  11.         custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"  
  12.         custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />  
  13.   
  14. </RelativeLayout> 
  1. /** 
  2.      * 文本 
  3.      */  
  4.     private String mTitleText;  
  5.     /** 
  6.      * 文本的颜色 
  7.      */  
  8.     private int mTitleTextColor;  
  9.     /** 
  10.      * 文本的大小 
  11.      */  
  12.     private int mTitleTextSize;  
  13.   
  14.     /** 
  15.      * 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围 
  16.      */  
  17.     private Rect mBound;  
  18.     private Paint mPaint;  
  19.   
  20.     public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)  
  21.     {  
  22.         this(context, attrs, 0);  
  23.     }  
  24.   
  25.     public CustomTitleView(Context context)  
  26.     {  
  27.         this(context, null);  
  28.     }  
  29.   
  30.     /** 
  31.      * 获得我自定义的样式属性 
  32.      *  
  33.      * @param context 
  34.      * @param attrs 
  35.      * @param defStyle 
  36.      */  
  37.     public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)  
  38.     {  
  39.         super(context, attrs, defStyle);  
  40.         /** 
  41.          * 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性 
  42.          */  
  43.         TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);  
  44.         int n = a.getIndexCount();  
  45.         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  
  46.         {  
  47.             int attr = a.getIndex(i);  
  48.             switch (attr)  
  49.             {  
  50.             case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:  
  51.                 mTitleText = a.getString(attr);  
  52.                 break;  
  53.             case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:  
  54.                 // 默认颜色设置为黑色  
  55.                 mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);  
  56.                 break;  
  57.             case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:  
  58.                 // 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px  
  59.                 mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(  
  60.                         TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));  
  61.                 break;  
  62.   
  63.             }  
  64.   
  65.         }  
  66.         a.recycle();  
  67.   
  68.         /** 
  69.          * 获得绘制文本的宽和高 
  70.          */  
  71.         mPaint = new Paint();  
  72.         mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);  
  73.         // mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);  
  74.         mBound = new Rect();  
  75.         mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);  
  76.   
  77.     } 
  1. @Override  
  2.     protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  
  3.     {  
  4.         super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  
  5.     }  
  6.   
  7.     @Override  
  8.     protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)  
  9.     {  
  10.         mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);  
  11.         canvas.drawRect(00, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);  
  12.   
  13.         mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);  
  14.         canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);  
  15.     } 
  16. 系统帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置为WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。

    所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:

    重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:

    EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENT

    AT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENT

    UNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用