最近项目中经常需要用到自定义控件,因此自定义属性也是经常要用到的,在此说明一下自定义属性的用法:
自定义属性都存在于/value/attr.xml文件中,以如下格式存在。
<resource>
<declare-styleable name="自定义属性名称">
<attr name="属性名称" format="属性种类"/>
......
</declare-styleable>
</resource>
对于自定义属性中的format的值及其含义如下:
format属性值:reference 、color、boolean、dimension、float、integer、string、fraction、enum、flag
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<TextView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:textColor = "#00FF00"
/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:focusable = "true"
/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"
/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"
/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
/>
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
android:fromDegrees = "0"
android:toDegrees = "360"
android:pivotX = "200%"
android:pivotY = "300%"
android:duration = "5000"
android:repeatMode = "restart"
android:repeatCount = "infinite"
/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<activity
android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
特别要注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
/>
下面说说AttributeSet与TypedArray在自定义控件中的作用:
AttributeSet 的作用就是在控件进行初始化的时候,解析布局文件中该控件的属性(key eg:background)与该值(value eg:@drawable/icon)的信息封装在AttributeSet中,传递给该控件(View)的构造函数。对于非Android自带的属性,在View类中处理时是无法识别的,因此需要我们自己解析。所以这就要用到另外一个类TypedArray。在AttributeSet中我们有属性名称,有属性值,但是控件如何知道哪个属性代表什么意思呢?这个工作就由TypedArray来做了。TypedArray对象封装了/values/attrs.xml中的styleable里定义的每个属性的类型信息,通过TypedArray我们就可以知道AttributeSet中封装的值到底是干什么的了,从而可以对这些数据进行应用。
AttributeSet就相当于一盒糖,TypedArray就相当于这盒糖上的标签说明,告诉用户每个糖的口味等。这盒糖有什么口味是由用户自己的styleable文件里面的内容来决定的。
例如:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources> <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
<attr name="titleText" format="string/>
<attr name="titleTextColor" format="color/>
<attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension/>
</declare-styleable>
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent" >
- <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView
- android:layout_width="200dp"
- android:layout_height="100dp"
- custom:titleText="3712"
- custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
- custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
- /**
- * 文本
- */
- private String mTitleText;
- /**
- * 文本的颜色
- */
- private int mTitleTextColor;
- /**
- * 文本的大小
- */
- private int mTitleTextSize;
- /**
- * 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围
- */
- private Rect mBound;
- private Paint mPaint;
- public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
- {
- this(context, attrs, 0);
- }
- public CustomTitleView(Context context)
- {
- this(context, null);
- }
- /**
- * 获得我自定义的样式属性
- *
- * @param context
- * @param attrs
- * @param defStyle
- */
- public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
- {
- super(context, attrs, defStyle);
- /**
- * 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性
- */
- TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);
- int n = a.getIndexCount();
- for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- int attr = a.getIndex(i);
- switch (attr)
- {
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:
- mTitleText = a.getString(attr);
- break;
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:
- // 默认颜色设置为黑色
- mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
- break;
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:
- // 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
- mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
- TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
- break;
- }
- }
- a.recycle();
- /**
- * 获得绘制文本的宽和高
- */
- mPaint = new Paint();
- mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
- // mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
- mBound = new Rect();
- mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
- {
- super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
- {
- mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
- canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);
- mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
- canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);
- }
-
系统帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置为WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。
所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:
重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:
EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENT
AT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENT
UNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用