我现在学的是spring4.2
今天主要学习了Spring MVC注解
引入注解可以减少我们的代码量,优化我们的代码。
@Controller:用于标识是处理器类;
@RequestMapping:请求到处理器功能方法的映射规则;
还是以示例来解释说明
1 创建springAnnotation02项目,导入jar包。
这里的web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>springmvc01</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- 前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springAnnotation</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 默认情况下:DispatcherServlet会寻找WEB-INF下,命名规范为[servlet-name]-servlet.xml文件。如:在上例中,它就会找/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml
如果需要修改,需要在web.xml中的<servlet>标记中增加 <init-param>。。。 </init-param>:-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/springAnnotation-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param> <!-- load-on-startup:表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet; -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springAnnotation</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <!-- 动态设置项目的运行路径 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
<param-value>spring.root</param-value>
</context-param> <!-- 加载LOG4J -->
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <context-param>
<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
<param-value>60000</param-value>
</context-param> <!-- spring Web MVC框架提供了org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
用于解决POST方式造成的中文乱码问题 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <!-- 启动log4j日志管理 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
修改过后的springAnnotation-servlet.xml。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
使用Spring mvc注解时一个完整的springAnnotation-servlet.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--开启注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven /> <!--启用自动扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cy.springannotation.controller" /> <!--配置视图解析器 -->
<!-- ViewResolver 视图解析器 用于将返回的ModelAndView对象进行分离
InternalResourceViewResolver:用于支持Servlet、JSP视图解析;
viewClass:JstlView表示JSP模板页面需要使用JSTL标签库,classpath中必须包含jstl的相关jar包;
prefix和suffix:查找视图页面的前缀和后缀(前缀[逻辑视图名]后缀),
比如传进来的逻辑视图名为WEB-INF/jsp/hello,则该该jsp视图页面应该存放在“WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp”; --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!-- 我这里的视图直接放在WebRoot下的 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean> <!-- 为何不配置HandlerMapping?因为基于注解时,会自动使用DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping --> </beans>
接下来,我们完成一个最简单的通过控制实现页面间的跳转。
一个有提交的页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>登录页面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <body>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>班级</td>
<td><input type="text" name="clazz"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
控制器
package com.cy.springannotation.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller // @Controller告知Spring容器这是一个控制器组件
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping("/login.do") // @RequestMapping告知该方法是针对/login.do请求的处理方法
public String login(String username){
System.out.println(username);
return "index"; // 返回的字符串被当做ViewName }
}
以上的代码就可以进行一个简单的页面跳转。
接下来进一步了解@RequestMapping的特性
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class login.doController { @RequestMapping("/login.do")
public String login(){
return "index";
}
} //此时代表请求该方法的路径是:/test/login.spring
@RequestMapping(value=“/users/**”) 匹配“/users/abc/abc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product?") 匹配“/product1”或“/producta”,但不匹配“/product”或“/productaa”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product*") 匹配“/productabc”或“/product”,但不匹配“/productabc/abc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product/*") 匹配“/product/abc”,但不匹配“/productabc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag") 代表请求中必须要有名为flag的提交项
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="!flag") 代表请求中不能有名为flag的提交项
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag=hello") 代表请求中必须有名为flag的提交项,且值为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag!=hello") 代表请求中如果有名为flag的提交项,其值不能为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params={"flag1","flag2=hello"})代表请求中必须有名为flag1的提交项,同时必须有名为flag2的提交项,且flag2的值必须为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",method=RequestMethod.POST)
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",method=RequestMethod.GET)
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do", method= {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET}"
接下来是:请求处理方法可接收参数