转自: http://my.oschina.net/wolfcs/blog/164624
Android log系统。
在android Java code中输出log
android系统有4种类型、6个优先级的log,有一些常量用于标识这些信息,相关的定义在frameworks/base/core/Java/android/util/Log.java中可以看到:
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* Priority constant for the println method; use Log.v.
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public static final int VERBOSE = 2 ;
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* Priority constant for the println method; use Log.d.
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public static final int DEBUG = 3 ;
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* Priority constant for the println method; use Log.i.
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public static final int INFO = 4 ;
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* Priority constant for the println method; use Log.w.
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public static final int WARN = 5 ;
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* Priority constant for the println method; use Log.e.
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public static final int ERROR = 6 ;
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* Priority constant for the println method.
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public static final int ASSERT = 7 ;
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/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_MAIN = 0 ;
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/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_RADIO = 1 ;
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/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2 ;
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/** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3 ;
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Java层可以通过三个class来输出其中三种类型的log,三种类型分别为MAIN、RADIO和SYSTEM,三个class分别为Log、Rlog和Slog,其package则分别为android.util、android.telephony和 android.util。这些用于打印log的classes,其构造函数都为private,因而都不能创建其对象,但它们都提供了静态方法来给用户打印log。各个log打印class的实现都大同小异,可以看一下Log这个class中的一些:
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public static int v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) {
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return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr));
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* Send a {@link #DEBUG} log message.
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* @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies
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* the class or activity where the log call occurs.
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* @param msg The message you would like logged.
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public static int d(String tag, String msg) {
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return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg);
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最终都会是调用Log.println_native()静态native方法来打印log,各个类中各个方法的不同之处也仅在于参数的差异。
Log.println_native()方法
这个方法的code在/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Log.cpp,为:
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static jint android_util_Log_println_native(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
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jint bufID, jint priority, jstring tagObj, jstring msgObj)
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const char * tag = NULL;
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const char * msg = NULL;
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jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "println needs a message" );
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if (bufID < 0 || bufID >= LOG_ID_MAX) {
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jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "bad bufID" );
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tag = env->GetStringUTFChars(tagObj, NULL);
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msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL);
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int res = __android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg);
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env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tagObj, tag);
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env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msgObj, msg);
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static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
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/* name, signature, funcPtr */
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{ "isLoggable" , "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z" , ( void *) android_util_Log_isLoggable },
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{ "println_native" , "(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I" , ( void *) android_util_Log_println_native },
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可以看到,干的都是转换参数的事情,最终再call到__android_log_buf_write()函数,这个函数的定义在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c,为:
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int __android_log_buf_write( int bufID, int prio, const char *tag, const char *msg)
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/* XXX: This needs to go! */
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if ((bufID != LOG_ID_RADIO) &&
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(! strcmp (tag, "HTC_RIL" ) ||
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! strncmp (tag, "RIL" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */
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! strncmp (tag, "IMS" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */
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! strcmp (tag, "GSM" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "STK" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "CDMA" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "PHONE" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "SMS" ))) {
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// Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG
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snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof (tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s" , tag);
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vec[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &prio;
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vec[1].iov_base = ( void *) tag;
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vec[1].iov_len = strlen (tag) + 1;
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vec[2].iov_base = ( void *) msg;
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vec[2].iov_len = strlen (msg) + 1;
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return write_to_log(bufID, vec, 3);
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做了三件事情,一是根据log的tag,转换bufID,二是用传进来的参数构造一个struct iovec数组,三是将前一步构造的数组作为参数调用write_to_log()。write_to_log()是一个函数指针,在开始时,它指向了__write_to_log_init():
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static int (*write_to_log)(log_id_t, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) = __write_to_log_init;
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__write_to_log_init()的实现如下:
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static int __write_to_log_init(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr)
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pthread_mutex_lock(&log_init_lock);
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if (write_to_log == __write_to_log_init) {
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log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_MAIN, O_WRONLY);
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log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_RADIO, O_WRONLY);
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log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS, O_WRONLY);
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log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM, O_WRONLY);
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write_to_log = __write_to_log_kernel;
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if (log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] < 0 || log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] < 0 ||
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log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] < 0) {
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log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN]);
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log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO]);
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log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS]);
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log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = -1;
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log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = -1;
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log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = -1;
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write_to_log = __write_to_log_null;
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if (log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] < 0) {
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log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN];
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pthread_mutex_unlock(&log_init_lock);
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return write_to_log(log_id, vec, nr);
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这个地方,会检查write_to_log是否指向了__write_to_log_init,也就是是否是第一次打印log,如果是,则打开几个用于输出log的设备文件,然后使write_to_log函数指针指向__write_to_log_kernel,或者在打开输出log设备文件出现异常时,使write_to_log指向__write_to_log_null,最后再次调用经过了重定向的write_to_log,也就是__write_to_log_kernel或者__write_to_log_null函数。我们可以看一下那几个设备文件究竟是什麽(在system/core/include/cutils/logger.h):
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#define LOGGER_LOG_MAIN "log/main" |
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#define LOGGER_LOG_RADIO "log/radio" |
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#define LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS "log/events" |
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#define LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM "log/system" |
接着继续来看__write_to_log_kernel或者__write_to_log_null函数:
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static int __write_to_log_null(log_id_t log_fd, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr)
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static int __write_to_log_kernel(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr)
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if ( /*(int)log_id >= 0 &&*/ ( int )log_id < ( int )LOG_ID_MAX) {
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log_fd = log_fds[( int )log_id];
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ret = log_writev(log_fd, vec, nr);
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} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
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由log_id获取到对应的log_fd,然后调用log_writev()打印log。可以看一下log_writev()的定义,它是一个宏:
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// This will be defined when building for the host. |
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#define log_open(pathname, flags) fakeLogOpen(pathname, flags) |
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#define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) fakeLogWritev(filedes, vector, count) |
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#define log_close(filedes) fakeLogClose(filedes) |
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#define log_open(pathname, flags) open(pathname, (flags) | O_CLOEXEC) |
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#define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) writev(filedes, vector, count) |
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#define log_close(filedes) close(filedes) |
这些就都是标准的unix系统调用了。
本地层代码Log输出
以一些比较典型的native代码打印log的case为例。先来看一下,在JNI的code中打印log的方法。在JNI中,比较常见到用ALOGx这一组宏来打印log,比如在frameworks/base/core/jni/android/graphics/TextLayoutCache.cpp这个文件中的dumpCacheStats()函数:
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void TextLayoutCache::dumpCacheStats() {
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float remainingPercent = 100 * ((mMaxSize - mSize) / (( float )mMaxSize));
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float timeRunningInSec = (systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC) - mCacheStartTime) / 1000000000;
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size_t cacheSize = mCache.size();
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ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" );
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ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" );
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ALOGD( "pid : %d" , getpid());
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ALOGD( "running : %.0f seconds" , timeRunningInSec);
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ALOGD( "entries : %d" , cacheSize);
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ALOGD( "max size : %d bytes" , mMaxSize);
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ALOGD( "used : %d bytes according to mSize" , mSize);
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ALOGD( "remaining : %d bytes or %2.2f percent" , mMaxSize - mSize, remainingPercent);
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ALOGD( "hits : %d" , mCacheHitCount);
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ALOGD( "saved : %0.6f ms" , mNanosecondsSaved * 0.000001f);
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ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" );
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使用这组宏,需要定义另外一个宏来作为所打印log的tag:
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#define LOG_TAG "TextLayoutCache" |
此外,还要include头文件<cutils/log.h>。来看一下这些宏中的一些的定义:
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* Simplified macro to send a debug log message using the current LOG_TAG.
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#define ALOGD(...) ((void)ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) |
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* Simplified macro to send a warning log message using the current LOG_TAG.
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#define ALOGW(...) ((void)ALOG(LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) |
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* Basic log message macro.
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* ALOG(LOG_WARN, NULL, "Failed with error %d", errno);
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* The second argument may be NULL or "" to indicate the "global" tag.
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#define ALOG(priority, tag, ...) \ |
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LOG_PRI(ANDROID_##priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
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* Log macro that allows you to specify a number for the priority.
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#define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \ |
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android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
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#define android_printLog(prio, tag, fmt...) \ |
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__android_log_print(prio, tag, fmt)
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先来看一下,在native层中定义的priority(在system/core/include/android/log.h中):
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* Android log priority values, in ascending priority order.
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typedef enum android_LogPriority {
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ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN = 0,
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ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT, /* only for SetMinPriority() */
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ANDROID_LOG_SILENT, /* only for SetMinPriority(); must be last */
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} android_LogPriority; |
另外,这些宏最终都会call到__android_log_print(),也是在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c中:
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int __android_log_print( int prio, const char *tag, const char *fmt, ...)
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char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
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vsnprintf(buf, LOG_BUF_SIZE, fmt, ap);
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return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf);
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先是格式化参数,然后就是调用__android_log_write()函数。这个函数的code如下:
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int __android_log_write( int prio, const char *tag, const char *msg)
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log_id_t log_id = LOG_ID_MAIN;
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/* XXX: This needs to go! */
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if (! strcmp (tag, "HTC_RIL" ) ||
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! strncmp (tag, "RIL" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */
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! strncmp (tag, "IMS" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */
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! strcmp (tag, "GSM" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "STK" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "CDMA" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "PHONE" ) ||
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! strcmp (tag, "SMS" )) {
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log_id = LOG_ID_RADIO;
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// Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG
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snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof (tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s" , tag);
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vec[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &prio;
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vec[1].iov_base = ( void *) tag;
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vec[1].iov_len = strlen (tag) + 1;
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vec[2].iov_base = ( void *) msg;
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vec[2].iov_len = strlen (msg) + 1;
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return write_to_log(log_id, vec, 3);
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这个函数与我们前面看到的__android_log_buf_write()非常相似。所不同的就是这个函数没有log_id参数,因而它默认是输出MAIN log,当log的TAG为某些特殊字串时,则输出RADIO log。最后同样是调用write_to_log这个函数指针来输出log。
我们再来看一个skia里面打log的SkDebugf()函数的实现:
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#include <android/log.h> |
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void SkDebugf( const char format[], ...) {
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va_start (args, format);
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__android_log_vprint(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, format, args);
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call到了__android_log_vprint()来输出log,__android_log_vprint()的定义也在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c中:
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int __android_log_vprint( int prio, const char *tag, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
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char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
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vsnprintf(buf, LOG_BUF_SIZE, fmt, ap);
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return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf);
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一样是__android_log_write()函数。
Done.