基本用法
querySelector
该方法返回满足条件的单个元素。按照深度优先和先序遍历的原则使用参数提供的CSS选择器在DOM进行查找,返回第一个满足条件的元素。 ----> querySelector得到一个DOM
var element = document.querySelector('#container');//返回id为container的dom var element = document.querySelector('div#container');//返回id为container的首个div var element = document.querySelector('.foo,.bar');//返回带有foo或者bar样式类的首个元素
querySelectorAll
该方法返回所有满足条件的元素,结果是个nodeList集合。查找规则与前面所述一样。 ----> querySelectorAll 得到一个伪数组 DOM
var elements = document.querySelectorAll('div.foo');//返回所有带foo类样式的d<div id="box"> //surface blog
querySelectorAll支持属性操作 这个用也比较多
<div id="box" > <ul> <li data-href='http://www.qq.com'>tagname 111</li> <li class="surfaces">这是clase 222</li> <li class="surfaces">这是class 333</li> <li class="surfaces" data-href='http://www.baidu.com'>这是class 444</li> </ul> </div>
document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){ var attr=document.querySelectorAll('[data-href]'); console.log(attr); },!1);
移动端 getElementById(id), querySelector 和querySelectorAll 已经能够满足大部分dom操作需求了;
高级用法
先附上相关 html http://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/
<div id="box"> <ul> <li >tagname 111</li> <li class="surfaces">这是clase 222</li> <li class="surfaces">这是class 333</li> <li class="surfaces">这是class 444</li> </ul> </div>
先看看 querySelector的高级应用
var query = document.querySelector.bind(document); //单个的
var query_id=query('#box'); //dom id var query_class=query('.surfaces'); // dom class var query_tagname=query('li') //dom 标签
获取看到这里,你会怀疑 这都可以,我们跑一下代码看看 结果
console.log('query'+query_id.innerHTML); // console.log('query'+query_class.innerHTML); //// 第一个 222 console.log('query'+query_tagname.innerHTML); //// 第一个 222 query_id.addEventListener('click',function(){ console.log('click_query_id'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 }); query_class.addEventListener('click',function(){ var e=e||window.event; console.log('click_query_class'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 e.stopPropagation(); }); query_tagname.addEventListener('click',function(e){ var e=e||window.event; console.log('click_query_tagname'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 e.stopPropagation(); });
上张图 看看控制台的结果
然后我们再看看 queryAelectorAll的高级用法
var $=queryAll = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document); //集合 个人感觉最犀利 surfaces
var $id=$('#box'); //id var $class=$('.lione'); //class var $tagname=$('li'); //tagName
跑一下这段代码看看
var $id=$('#box'); //id var $class=$('.surfaces'); //class var $tagname=$('li'); //tagName console.log('queryAll'+$id[0].innerHTML); console.log('queryAll'+$class[0].innerHTML); //222 console.log('queryAll'+$tagname[0].innerHTML);//111 $id[0].addEventListener('click',function(){ console.log('click_queryAll'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 }); $class[0].addEventListener('click',function(e){ console.log('click_$class'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 e.stopPropagation(); }); $tagname[0].addEventListener('click',function(e){ console.log('click_$tagname'+this.innerHTML); //'click surfaces 2222 e.stopPropagation(); });
看看控制台的结果
根据上面的用法 我们可以 看看这种 C 写法
var fromId = document.getElementById.bind(document); var fromClass = document.getElementsByClassName.bind(document); var fromTag = document.getElementsByTagName.bind(document);
var fromId_box=fromId('box'); var fromClass_surfaces=fromClass('surfaces'); var fromTag_li=fromTag('li'); console.log('fromId'+fromId_box.innerHTML); console.log('fromClass'+fromClass_surfaces[0].innerHTML); //222 console.log('fromTag'+fromTag_li[0].innerHTML);//111
上面 C 写法没啥大问题,C 写法 不推荐;还不如以下的 老老实实的,性能又好;
var doc=document; var box=doc.getElementById("box"); var li=box.getElementsByTagName("li"); var surfaces=box.getElementsByClassName("surfaces");
另外;我们梳理下基于 querySelectorAll的事件绑定,从 Array.prototype中剽窃了 forEach 方法来完成遍历
Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('.surfaces'), function(el){ el.addEventListener('click', someFunction); }); //通过 bind() 遍历DOM节点的函数。。 var unboundForEach = Array.prototype.forEach, forEach = Function.prototype.call.bind(unboundForEach); forEach(document.querySelectorAll('.surfaces'), function (el) { el.addEventListener('click', someFunction); });
http://www.cnblogs.com/surfaces/
关于bind()的用法, bind()与call(),apply()用法 类似,都是改变当前的this指针。这里简单阐述做个示例;
document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){ var self=this; //缓存 this 对象 setTimeout(function(){ self.style.borderColor='red'; },500) },false); document.getElementById("box").addEventListener("click",function(){ setTimeout(function(){ this.style.borderColor='red'; }.bind(this), 500); //通过bind 传入 this },false);
另外一种事件绑定方法,不在阐述;
//以下是Andrew Lunny已经想出来的一些东西: https://remysharp.com/2013/04/19/i-know-jquery-now-what#backToTheFutureToday-heading
var $ = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document); Element.prototype.on = Element.prototype.addEventListener; $('#somelink')[0].on('touchstart', handleTouch);
我们根据这个结合bind 一起使用
//我们将绑定事件在 完善一下 Element.prototype.on = Element.prototype.addEventListener; queryAll('#box')[0].on('click',function(){ //on 类似 jquery //document.getElementById("box").on("click",function(){ setTimeout(function(){ this.style.borderColor='blue'; console.log('on事件 边框变蓝色'); }.bind(this), 500); //通过bind 传入 this });
关于bind兼容性 扩展;
Function.prototype.bind = Function.prototype.bind || function (target) { var self = this; return function (args) { if (!(args instanceof Array)) { args = [args]; } self.apply(target, args); } };
bind扩展阅读:一起Polyfill系列:Function.prototype.bind的四个阶段
总结一下:移动端dom操作 ,其实只要 getElementById(id), querySelector 和querySelectorAll 已经能够满足大部分的需求了;
document.querySelectorAll.bind(document);
document.querySelector.bind(document);
缺点:
并不适合那些相对复杂或者表单多的单页;也不适合简单项目的主页;如果多人协作,不利于维护;
上面的始终绑定的document,有时候不一定从document查找;没有content上下文;如document.querySelector("#box").querySelector('.surfaces'); 限定范围在id为box下的class surfaces;
看看 Remy Sharp 封装的min.js ;值得学习思考 这种思想;或许你觉得不好,一般般,或者不适合项目啊 之类的;这边不是重点;重点是 你就是想不到可以这样写,重点是 看别人怎样写的,为什么可以这样写,优点是什么;
/*globals Node:true, NodeList:true*/ $ = (function (document, window, $) { // Node covers all elements, but also the document objects var node = Node.prototype, nodeList = NodeList.prototype, forEach = 'forEach', trigger = 'trigger', each = [][forEach], // note: createElement requires a string in Firefox dummy = document.createElement('i'); nodeList[forEach] = each; // we have to explicitly add a window.on as it's not included // in the Node object. window.on = node.on = function (event, fn) { this.addEventListener(event, fn, false); // allow for chaining return this; }; nodeList.on = function (event, fn) { this[forEach](function (el) { el.on(event, fn); }); return this; }; // we save a few bytes (but none really in compression) // by using [trigger] - really it's for consistency in the // source code. window[trigger] = node[trigger] = function (type, data) { // construct an HTML event. This could have // been a real custom event var event = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents'); event.initEvent(type, true, true); event.data = data || {}; event.eventName = type; event.target = this; this.dispatchEvent(event); return this; }; nodeList[trigger] = function (event) { this[forEach](function (el) { el[trigger](event); }); return this; }; $ = function (s) { // querySelectorAll requires a string with a length // otherwise it throws an exception var r = document.querySelectorAll(s || '☺'), length = r.length; // if we have a single element, just return that. // if there's no matched elements, return a nodeList to chain from // else return the NodeList collection from qSA return length == 1 ? r[0] : r; }; // $.on and $.trigger allow for pub/sub type global // custom events. $.on = node.on.bind(dummy); $[trigger] = node[trigger].bind(dummy); return $; })(document, this);