一．前言
申明：WPF自定义控件与样式是一个系列文章，前后是有些关联的，但大多是按照由简到繁的顺序逐步发布的等，若有不明白的地方可以参考本系列前面的文章，文末附有部分文章链接。
本文主要内容：
- 菜单Menu的自定义样式；
- 右键菜单ContextMenu的自定义样式；
- 树控件TreeView的自定义样式，及右键菜单实现。
二．菜单Menu的自定义样式
自定义菜单样式的效果图：
Menu和ContextMenu样式本身很简单，他们最主要的部分就是MenuItem，MenuItem中包含的内容比较多，如图标、选中状态、二级菜单、二级菜单的指针、快捷键等。 使用了字体图标定义菜单项MenuItem样式代码：
<!--菜单项MenuItem样式FIconMenuItem-->
<Style x:Key="FIconMenuItem" TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}">
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource MenuBorderBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MenuBackground}"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuForeground}"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="{StaticResource FontSize}"/>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="28"/>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="Auto"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize" Value="22"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}">
<!--Item-->
<Border x:Name="border" Background="Transparent" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}" Opacity="1">
<Grid VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="{TemplateBinding Margin}">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition x:Name="icon_col" MaxWidth="35" SharedSizeGroup="MenuItemIconColumnGroup"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" SharedSizeGroup="MenuTextColumnGroup"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" SharedSizeGroup="MenuItemIGTColumnGroup"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="16" x:Name="arrow_col" SharedSizeGroup="MenumItemArrow"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!--icon-->
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_Icon" Text="{TemplateBinding Icon}" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" Margin="5,1,1,1"
FontSize="{TemplateBinding local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize}" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"/>
<!--Header-->
<ContentPresenter Grid.Column="1" x:Name="txtHeader" Margin="3,1,5,1" MinWidth="90"
RecognizesAccessKey="True" VerticalAlignment="Center" ContentSource="Header"/>
<!--快捷键 InputGestureText 暂不支持你了 -->
<TextBlock Grid.Column="2" Margin="3,1,3,1" x:Name="IGTHost" Text="{TemplateBinding InputGestureText}"
FontSize="{TemplateBinding FontSize}"
VerticalAlignment="Center" Visibility="Visible" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" />
<!--右指针-->
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_Arrow" Grid.Column="3" Text="" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}"
FontSize="14" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"/>
<!--淡出子集菜单容器-->
<Popup x:Name="SubMenuPopup" AllowsTransparency="true" IsOpen="{Binding IsSubmenuOpen, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"
Placement="Bottom" Focusable="false" VerticalOffset="0"
PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.MenuPopupAnimationKey}}">
<Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" CornerRadius="0" Margin="5" Effect="{StaticResource DefaultDropShadow}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Grid x:Name="SubMenu" Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
<StackPanel Margin="0" IsItemsHost="True" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Cycle"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
</Popup>
</Grid>
</Border>
<!--触发器-->
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<!--TopLevelHeader:第一级菜单（有子菜单）-->
<Trigger Property="Role" Value="TopLevelHeader">
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="IGTHost"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="5,1,1,1" TargetName="PART_Icon"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="1,1,6,1" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
<Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="10" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="0" TargetName="arrow_col"/>
</Trigger>
<!--TopLevelItem 第一级菜单（无子级）-->
<Trigger Property="Role" Value="TopLevelItem">
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="IGTHost"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="5,1,1,1" TargetName="PART_Icon"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="1,1,6,1" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
<Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="10" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="0" TargetName="arrow_col"/>
</Trigger>
<!--SubmenuHeader:子菜单，有子菜单-->
<Trigger Property="Role" Value="SubmenuHeader">
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
<Setter Property="Placement" Value="Right" TargetName="SubMenuPopup"/>
</Trigger>
<!--SubMenuItem:子菜单，无子级-->
<Trigger Property="Role" Value="SubMenuItem">
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
</Trigger>
<!--选中状态，优先级将高于Icon-->
<Trigger Property="IsChecked" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="" Property="Text"></Setter>
<Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="18" Property="FontSize"></Setter>
<Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="{StaticResource CheckedForeground}" Property="Foreground"></Setter>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource DisableOpacity}" Property="Opacity"></Setter>
</Trigger>
<!--高亮状态-->
<Trigger Property="IsHighlighted" Value="true">
<Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource MenuMouseOverBackground}"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuMouseOverForeground}"></Setter>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="true">
<Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource MenuPressedBackground}"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuPressedForeground}"></Setter>
</Trigger>
<!--子菜单打开状态-->
<Trigger Property="IsSubmenuOpen" Value="true" >
<Setter TargetName="PART_Arrow" Value="{StaticResource CheckedForeground}" Property="Foreground"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--基于FIconMenuItem的默认样式，提供Header模板-->
<Style x:Key="DefaultMenuItem" TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}" BasedOn="{StaticResource FIconMenuItem}">
<Setter Property="HeaderTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock x:Name="txtHeader" FontSize="{Binding FontSize,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}"
HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="3,1,5,1"
Text="{Binding Header,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}" VerticalAlignment="Center"
Foreground="{Binding Foreground,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
Menu样式：
<!--默认Menu样式-->
<Style x:Key="DefaultMenu" TargetType="{x:Type Menu}">
<Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint" Value="Enabled" />
<Setter Property="TextOptions.TextFormattingMode" Value="Ideal" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
<Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultMenuItem}"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Menu}">
<Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
<ItemsPresenter Margin="0" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
示例代码：
<MenuItem Header="帮助(H)" InputGestureText="Ctrl+H" Icon="" >
<MenuItem Header="设置" Icon=""/>
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="插件管理" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="用户管理" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="修改密码" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="在线更新" />
<Separator Style="{StaticResource HorizontalSeparatorStyle}"/>
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="问题反馈" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="技术支持" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="帮助" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="关于" />
</MenuItem>
三．右键菜单ContextMenu的自定义样式
有了第二节的MenuItem样式，ContextMenu的样式很简单：
<!--默认右键菜单ContextMenu样式-->
<Style x:Key="DefaultContextMenu" TargetType="{x:Type ContextMenu}">
<Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint" Value="Enabled" />
<Setter Property="TextOptions.TextFormattingMode" Value="Ideal" />
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource MenuBorderBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MenuBackground}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuForeground}"/>
<Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="Grid.IsSharedSizeScope" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="HasDropShadow" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultMenuItem}"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ContextMenu}">
<Grid>
<Border x:Name="Border" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" Margin="5"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
<ItemsPresenter x:Name="ItemsPresenter" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Cycle"
Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True" Margin="0" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Cycle" />
</Border>
</Grid>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="HasDropShadow" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Effect" Value="{StaticResource DefaultDropShadow}">
</Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
实现一个文本操作（剪切、复制、粘贴）的样式：
<!--文本操作右键菜单-->
<ContextMenu x:Key="TextBoxContextMenu" Style="{StaticResource DefaultContextMenu}">
<MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Cut" Icon="" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
<MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy" Icon="" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
<MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" Icon="" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
</ContextMenu>
效果图：
四．树控件TreeView的自定义样式
4.1TreeView基本样式
TreeView的样式比较简单，相比ListBox，主要多了层级关系，节点的展开、收缩。效果图：
样式定义中默认是开启虚拟化，以支持大数据，数据不多时最好关闭。样式代码：
<!--TreeViewItem默认样式-->
<Style x:Key="DefaultTreeViewItem" TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
<Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="25" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextForeground}" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
<Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0" />
<Setter Property="local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize" Value="19"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
<StackPanel>
<Border x:Name="Bd" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
MinHeight="{TemplateBinding MinHeight}" UseLayoutRounding="True" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
<!--多层级间隔，暂缓-->
<!--<Grid Margin="{Binding Converter={StaticResource LengthConverter}, RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.TemplatedParent}}"-->
<Grid Margin="{TemplateBinding Margin}" VerticalAlignment="Stretch">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition MinWidth="18" Width="Auto" />
<ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!--展开收缩按钮-->
<ToggleButton x:Name="ExpanderBtn"
IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsExpanded, RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.TemplatedParent}, Mode=TwoWay}"
ClickMode="Press" >
<ToggleButton.Template>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="ToggleButton">
<Border>
<ContentPresenter VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</ToggleButton.Template>
<ToggleButton.Content>
<TextBlock x:Name="ExpanderIcon" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" Text="" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"
FontSize="{TemplateBinding local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize}" />
</ToggleButton.Content>
</ToggleButton>
<!--内容-->
<ContentPresenter x:Name="PART_Header" Grid.Column="1" ContentSource="Header"
SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
</Grid>
</Border>
<ItemsPresenter Margin="18,0,0,0" x:Name="ItemsHost" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
</StackPanel>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="False">
<Setter TargetName="ItemsHost" Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" />
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="ExpanderIcon" Property="Text" Value="" />
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="HasItems" Value="False">
<Setter TargetName="ExpanderIcon" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden" />
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverBackground}" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverForeground}" />
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
</Trigger>
<MultiTrigger>
<MultiTrigger.Conditions>
<Condition Property="IsSelected" Value="True" />
<Condition Property="Selector.IsSelectionActive" Value="True" />
</MultiTrigger.Conditions>
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
</MultiTrigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--TreeView样式-->
<Style x:Key="DefaultTreeView" TargetType="{x:Type TreeView}">
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="True" />
<Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="True"></Setter>
<Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.VirtualizationMode" Value="Recycling" />
<Setter Property="ScrollViewer.IsDeferredScrollingEnabled" Value="False" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemsContentBackground}"/>
<Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultTreeViewItem}"></Setter>
<Setter Property="ItemsPanel">
<Setter.Value>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<VirtualizingStackPanel IsItemsHost="True" IsVirtualizing="True" VirtualizationMode="Recycling" Margin="0"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
4.2 TreeView的右键菜单实现
TreeView支持右键操作应该是比较常见的需求，实现很简单，效果演示：
示例代码：
<HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="ItemNode" DataType="{x:Type local:NodeX}" ItemsSource="{Binding Nodes}">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="28">
<core:FImage Source="{Binding Icon}" Width="22" Height="22"></core:FImage>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3,0,0,0"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<TreeView Width="250" Margin="3" x:Name="tree1" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ItemNode}">
<TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultTreeViewItem}" TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
<EventSetter Event="TreeViewItem.PreviewMouseRightButtonDown" Handler="TreeViewItem_PreviewMouseRightButtonDown"/>
</Style>
</TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
<TreeView.ContextMenu>
<ContextMenu>
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="展开" Click="MenuItem_OnClick" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="剪切" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
<MenuItem Icon="" Header="赋值" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
</ContextMenu>
</TreeView.ContextMenu>
</TreeView>
后台C#代码：
private void TreeViewItem_PreviewMouseRightButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
var treeViewItem = VisualUpwardSearch<TreeViewItem>(e.OriginalSource as DependencyObject) as TreeViewItem;
if (treeViewItem != null)
{
treeViewItem.Focus();
e.Handled = true;
}
} static DependencyObject VisualUpwardSearch<T>(DependencyObject source)
{
while (source != null && source.GetType() != typeof(T))
source = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(source); return source;
} private void MenuItem_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var item = this.tree1.SelectedItem as NodeX;
if (item != null)
{
MessageBoxX.Info(item.Name.ToString());
}
}
附录：参考引用
WPF自定义控件与样式(1)-矢量字体图标(iconfont)
WPF自定义控件与样式(3)-TextBox & RichTextBox & PasswordBox样式、水印、Label标签、功能扩展
WPF自定义控件与样式(4)-CheckBox/RadioButton自定义样式
WPF自定义控件与样式(5)-Calendar/DatePicker日期控件自定义样式及扩展
WPF自定义控件与样式(6)-ScrollViewer与ListBox自定义样式
WPF自定义控件与样式(7)-列表控件DataGrid与ListView自定义样式
WPF自定义控件与样式(8)-ComboBox与自定义多选控件MultComboBox
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