如何在linux下用gtk开发图形界面应用程序
最近爱上了Linux，尤其是在读了我博客转载到一篇文章之后，更加的决定这辈子要和linux做永远的情人。正好博主这学期也学习了Linux操作系统。当然了，在大学里就是随便的教教，我们也在下边随便的打打酱油而已。前天突然心血来潮，何不做一个图形界面的程序来练练手。说做就做，先声明，本人菜鸟，所以这个过程十分的漫长，花了整整一天的时间。
首先，就是搭建gtk开发环境。光是熟悉这个概念就用了好长时间。你可以自己百度或着查阅相关资料。这里我也推荐一些比较好的博文给大家。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/f996fa563c1ec5da50e27099.html
我使用的是ubuntu，默认的是gnome，装gtk的时候可是花费了不少时间，因为老是提示说依赖关系不正确而安装不了开发环境。后来在一个博客上找到了解决方法，现在分享给大家。如果提示下面到问题：
下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：
gnome-devel: 依赖: libgdl-1-dev (>= 2.28) 但是它将不会被安装
推荐: gnome-core-devel 但是它将不会被安装
E: 破损的软件包
那么可以使用下面到命令：
sudo aptitude install gnome-core-devel
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3fbc1c610100lf91.html
安装好程序后，下面是计算器的源码：
glade_counter.c
View Code
#include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdlib.h> /*创建一个指向GtkWidget类型的指针（创建文本框使用）*/ static GtkWidget *entry; /*创建全局变量:名为“fnum”（双精度，第一个输入量）； “snum”（双精度，第二个输入量）*/ gdouble fnum = 0; gdouble snum = 0; /*创建全局控制变量：名为“num_count”（整型，控制输入位数）； “operator”（整型，控制输入的运算符号）； “first_num”（布尔型，控制输入的次数）； “have_result”(布尔型，为重新进行计算作好准备)*/ gint num_count =0; gint operator = 0; gboolean first_num = TRUE; //gboolean first_num_equal = FALSE; gboolean have_dot = FALSE; //小数点 gboolean have_result = FALSE; gchar number[100]; /*........................................................................ */ //清除函数：cb_clean_clicked（） //1：清除屏幕上的内容（TURE）;2：初始化变量并清屏（FALSE） void cb_clean_clicked(gboolean clear_only) { /*初始化number[100]等，分配内存空间*/ gint i = 0; for(i = 0;i<100;i++) number[i] = '\0'; fnum = 0; snum = 0; operator = 0; num_count = 0; first_num = TRUE; have_dot = FALSE; have_result = FALSE; //first_num_equal = FALSE; /*清除屏幕*/ if(clear_only = TRUE) gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),"0"); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ //按下数字时的回调函数：cb_num_clicked（） void cb_num_clicked(GtkButton *button,gpointer data) { /*创建一个指向字符的指针变量："num"(用来操作输入量)*/ const gchar *num; int i; /*控制输入数字的位数*/ if(num_count == 9) return; /*输入位数记数*/ num_count++; /*通过button的label获取每次输入的数值（字符串型）*/ num=gtk_button_get_label(GTK_BUTTON(button)); /*g_strlcat() 可以用来组合每次输入数字（字符串）起到累加作用*/ i=g_strlcat(number,num,100); /*输入第一个数和第二个数的控制开关,strtod()是把字符串转换为gdouble型*/ if(first_num ) { /*第一次输入*/ fnum=strtod(number,NULL); } else { /*第二次输入*/ /*防止除法时除数为0*/ if(num_count == 1); snum=strtod(number,NULL); if(num_count == 1 && operator ==4 && snum == 0) //gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),"ERROR"); return; } if (number[0]=='0' && number[1]!='.' &&num_count>=2 ) { gint i; for (i =0 ; i<100; i++) { number[i] = number[i+1]; } } /*把输入的数字显示出来*/ gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),number); //g_print("F:%f\n",fnum); //g_print("S:%f\n",snum); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ //按下小数点时的回调函数：cb_dot_clicked（） void cb_dot_clicked(GtkButton *button,gpointer data) { gint i; /*重复计算的切换开关*/ if(have_result) cb_clean_clicked(FALSE); /*如果小数点在第一位则不显示*/ if(num_count == 0) { cb_clean_clicked(TRUE); return; } /*把数加上小数点进行显示.have_dot防止输入两次小数点*/ if(have_dot == FALSE) { have_dot = TRUE; i=g_strlcat(number,".",100); if(first_num) /*第一个数字输入*/ fnum=strtod(number,NULL); else { /*第二个数字输入*/ snum=strtod(number,NULL); /*把输入的数字显示出来*/ gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),number); } } } /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ //按下清零键时的回调函数：cb_back_clicked（） void cb_back_clicked(GtkButton *button,gpointer data) { cb_clean_clicked(FALSE); } /*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ //按下运算符时的回调函数：cb_switch_clicked（） void cb_switch_clicked(GtkButton *button,gpointer data) { gint i; switch(GPOINTER_TO_INT(data)) { case 1: operator = 1;//加法 break; case 2: operator = 2;//减法 break; case 3: operator = 3;//乘法 break; case 4: operator = 4;//除法 break; } // g_print("F:%f\n",fnum); // g_print("S:%f\n",snum); /*切换输入第二个数*/ first_num = FALSE; num_count = 0; have_dot =FALSE; for( i = 0;i<100;i++) number[i] = '\0'; } /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ //按下等于号时的回调函数：cb_result_clicked（） void cb_result_clicked(GtkButton *button,gpointer data) { gdouble numb; gchar *result; gchar num[100]; gint e = 0; g_print("F:%f\n",fnum); g_print("S:%f\n",snum); /*进行运算*/ switch(operator) { case 1: numb = fnum + snum ; break; case 2: numb = fnum - snum; break; case 3: numb = fnum * snum; break; case 4: numb = fnum / snum; break; //防一开始什么也不按，就按一个= 会档机的问题 default: gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),number); e = 1; break; } if (e==0) { /*把结果转换成字符串*/ result = g_ascii_dtostr(num,100,numb); fnum = numb; //输出结果 gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),result); have_result=TRUE; //first_num_equal = TRUE; } /* result = g_ascii_dtostr(num,100,numb); fnum = numb; gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),result); have_result=TRUE; first_num_equal = TRUE; */ } /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ //主函数:main() int main(int argc,char* argv[]) { /*创建指向GtkWidget类型的指针*/ GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *vbox; GtkWidget *hbox; GtkWidget *table; GtkBuilder *builder = NULL; /*初始化*/ gtk_init(&argc,&argv); builder=gtk_builder_new(); gtk_builder_add_from_file(builder,"counter.glade",NULL); gtk_builder_connect_signals(builder, NULL); // 根据 ID 获取子构件 window=GTK_WIDGET(gtk_builder_get_object(builder,"window")); entry=GTK_ENTRY(gtk_builder_get_object(builder,"entry")); gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),"0"); gtk_editable_set_editable(GTK_EDITABLE(entry),FALSE); gtk_widget_set_direction(entry,GTK_TEXT_DIR_RTL); // text = GTK_LABEL(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "label-main")); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button1")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_clean_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button2")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button3")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button4")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button5")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_switch_clicked),(gpointer)1); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button6")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button7")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button8")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button9")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_switch_clicked),(gpointer)2); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button10")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button11")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button12")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button13")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_switch_clicked),(gpointer)3); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button14")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_num_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button15")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_dot_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button16")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_result_clicked),NULL); button=GTK_BUTTON(gtk_builder_get_object(builder, "button17")); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(cb_switch_clicked),(gpointer)4); // 获取到 UI 对象后，GtkBuilder 对象已没有作用，释放了 g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(builder)); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
counter.glade（由glade界面设计大师设计好的桌面保存到文件）
View Code
<?xml version="1.0"?> <interface> <requires lib="gtk+" version="2.16"/> <!-- interface-naming-policy project-wide --> <object class="GtkWindow" id="window"> <signal name="destroy" handler="gtk_main_quit"/> <signal name="delete_event" handler="gtk_main_quit"/> <child> <object class="GtkVBox" id="vbox"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="spacing">2</property> <child> <object class="GtkVBox" id="vbox1"> <property name="visible">True</property> <child> <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="label" translatable="yes">李小超版权所有 网站：www.leeinn.info</property> </object> <packing> <property name="position">0</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkHBox" id="hbox1"> <property name="visible">True</property> <child> <object class="GtkEntry" id="entry"> <property name="width_request">200</property> <property name="height_request">40</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="invisible_char">●</property> </object> <packing> <property name="position">0</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button1"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">CE</property> <property name="width_request">20</property> <property name="height_request">20</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> <packing> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> <packing> <property name="position">0</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkTable" id="table"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="n_rows">4</property> <property name="n_columns">4</property> <property name="column_spacing">2</property> <property name="row_spacing">2</property> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button2"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">7</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button3"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">8</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">1</property> <property name="right_attach">2</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button4"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">9</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">2</property> <property name="right_attach">3</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button5"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">+</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">3</property> <property name="right_attach">4</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button6"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">4</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="top_attach">1</property> <property name="bottom_attach">2</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button7"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">5</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">1</property> <property name="right_attach">2</property> <property name="top_attach">1</property> <property name="bottom_attach">2</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button8"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">6</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">2</property> <property name="right_attach">3</property> <property name="top_attach">1</property> <property name="bottom_attach">2</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button9"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">-</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">3</property> <property name="right_attach">4</property> <property name="top_attach">1</property> <property name="bottom_attach">2</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button12"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">1</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="top_attach">2</property> <property name="bottom_attach">3</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button11"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">2</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">1</property> <property name="right_attach">2</property> <property name="top_attach">2</property> <property name="bottom_attach">3</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button13"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">*</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">3</property> <property name="right_attach">4</property> <property name="top_attach">2</property> <property name="bottom_attach">3</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button14"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">0</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="top_attach">3</property> <property name="bottom_attach">4</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button15"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">.</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">1</property> <property name="right_attach">2</property> <property name="top_attach">3</property> <property name="bottom_attach">4</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button16"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">=</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">2</property> <property name="right_attach">3</property> <property name="top_attach">3</property> <property name="bottom_attach">4</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button17"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">/</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">3</property> <property name="right_attach">4</property> <property name="top_attach">3</property> <property name="bottom_attach">4</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button10"> <property name="label" translatable="yes">3</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> </object> <packing> <property name="left_attach">2</property> <property name="right_attach">3</property> <property name="top_attach">2</property> <property name="bottom_attach">3</property> </packing> </child> </object> <packing> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> </object> </interface>
编译命令makefile：
CC = gcc all: $(CC) `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` -export-dynamic glade_counter.c -o glade_counter clean: rm -f glade_counter
glade界面设计大师截图：
程序运行截图：
