C++中list的使用方法及常用list操作总结
一、List定义:
List是stl实现的双向链表,与向量(vectors)相比, 它允许快速的插入和删除,但是随机访问却比较慢。使用时需要添加头文件
#include <list>
二、List定义和初始化:
list<int>lst1; //创建空list
list<int> lst2(5); //创建含有5个元素的list
list<int>lst3(3,2); //创建含有3个元素的list
list<int>lst4(lst2); //使用lst2初始化lst4
list<int>lst5(lst2.begin(),lst2.end()); //同lst4
三、List常用操作函数:
Lst1.assign() 给list赋值
Lst1.back() 返回最后一个元素
Lst1.begin() 返回指向第一个元素的迭代器
Lst1.clear() 删除所有元素
Lst1.empty() 如果list是空的则返回true
Lst1.end() 返回末尾的迭代器
Lst1.erase() 删除一个元素
Lst1.front() 返回第一个元素
Lst1.get_allocator() 返回list的配置器
Lst1.insert() 插入一个元素到list中
Lst1.max_size() 返回list能容纳的最大元素数量
Lst1.merge() 合并两个list
Lst1.pop_back() 删除最后一个元素
Lst1.pop_front() 删除第一个元素
Lst1.push_back() 在list的末尾添加一个元素
Lst1.push_front() 在list的头部添加一个元素
Lst1.rbegin() 返回指向第一个元素的逆向迭代器
Lst1.remove() 从list删除元素
Lst1.remove_if() 按指定条件删除元素
Lst1.rend() 指向list末尾的逆向迭代器
Lst1.resize() 改变list的大小
Lst1.reverse() 把list的元素倒转
Lst1.size() 返回list中的元素个数
Lst1.sort() 给list排序
Lst1.splice() 合并两个list
Lst1.swap() 交换两个list
Lst1.unique() 删除list中重复的元素
四、List使用示例:
示例1:遍历List
//迭代器法
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for (list< int >::const_iteratoriter = lst1.begin();iter != lst1.end();iter++)
{
cout<<*iter;
}
cout<<endl;
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示例2:
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#include < iostream >
#include < list >
#include < numeric >
#include < algorithm >
#include < windows.h >
using namespace std;
typedef list< int > LISTINT;
typedef list< int > LISTCHAR;
void main()
{
//用LISTINT创建一个list对象
LISTINT listOne;
//声明i为迭代器
LISTINT::iterator i;
listOne.push_front(3);
listOne.push_front(2);
listOne.push_front(1);
listOne.push_back(4);
listOne.push_back(5);
listOne.push_back(6);
cout << "listOne.begin()--- listOne.end():" << endl;
for (i = listOne.begin(); i != listOne.end(); ++i)
cout << *i << " ";
cout << endl;
LISTINT::reverse_iterator ir;
cout << "listOne.rbegin()---listOne.rend():" << endl;
for (ir = listOne.rbegin(); ir != listOne.rend(); ir++) {
cout << *ir << " ";
}
cout << endl;
int result = accumulate(listOne.begin(), listOne.end(), 0);
cout << "Sum=" << result << endl;
cout << "------------------" << endl;
//用LISTCHAR创建一个list对象
LISTCHAR listTwo;
//声明i为迭代器
LISTCHAR::iterator j;
listTwo.push_front('C');
listTwo.push_front('B');
listTwo.push_front('A');
listTwo.push_back('D');
listTwo.push_back('E');
listTwo.push_back('F');
cout << "listTwo.begin()---listTwo.end():" << endl;
for (j = listTwo.begin(); j != listTwo.end(); ++j)
cout << char(*j) << " ";
cout << endl;
j = max_element(listTwo.begin(), listTwo.end());
cout << "The maximum element in listTwo is: " << char(*j) << endl;
Sleep(10000);
}
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#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
typedef list< int > INTLIST;
//从前向后显示list队列的全部元素
void put_list(INTLIST list, char *name)
{
INTLIST::iterator plist;
cout << "The contents of " << name << " : " ;
for (plist = list.begin(); plist != list.end(); plist++)
cout << *plist << " " ;
cout << endl;
}
//测试list容器的功能
void main( void )
{
//list1对象初始为空
INTLIST list1;
INTLIST list2(5, 1);
INTLIST list3(list2.begin(), --list2.end());
//声明一个名为i的双向迭代器
INTLIST::iterator i;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
put_list(list2, "list2" );
put_list(list3, "list3" );
list1.push_back(7);
list1.push_back(8);
cout << "list1.push_back(7) and list1.push_back(8):" << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
list1.push_front(6);
list1.push_front(5);
cout << "list1.push_front(6) and list1.push_front(5):" << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
list1.insert(++list1.begin(), 3, 9);
cout << "list1.insert(list1.begin()+1,3,9):" << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
//测试引用类函数
cout << "list1.front()=" << list1.front() << endl;
cout << "list1.back()=" << list1.back() << endl;
list1.pop_front();
list1.pop_back();
cout << "list1.pop_front() and list1.pop_back():" << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
list1.erase(++list1.begin());
cout << "list1.erase(++list1.begin()):" << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
list2.assign(8, 1);
cout << "list2.assign(8,1):" << endl;
put_list(list2, "list2" );
cout << "list1.max_size(): " << list1.max_size() << endl;
cout << "list1.size(): " << list1.size() << endl;
cout << "list1.empty(): " << list1.empty() << endl;
put_list(list1, "list1" );
put_list(list3, "list3" );
cout << "list1>list3: " << (list1 > list3) << endl;
cout << "list1<list3: " << (list1 < list3) << endl;
list1.sort();
put_list(list1, "list1" );
list1.splice(++list1.begin(), list3);
put_list(list1, "list1" );
put_list(list3, "list3" );
Sleep(10000);
}
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