上次讲到了如何在Activity中监听后台服务的进度信息,实现的方式是让Activity与后台服务绑定,通过中间对象Binder的实例操作后台服务。从效果上来讲,这种方式是可行的,不过这种实现有个缺点,那就是Activity的任务太重了,为了监听服务的状态,我们不得不绑定服务,然后还需不断地定时的获取最新的进度,我们为何不换一下形式呢,让Service主动将进度发送给Activity,我们在Activity中只需拿到进度数据,然后更新UI界面。这种新形式就像上次结尾提到的,就像两个男人同时喜欢一个女人,都通过自己的手段试图从那个女人那里获取爱情,现在我们要让那个女人变为主动方,将爱情同时传递给那两个男人。
要实现以上方式,我们需要用到BroadcastReceiver,如果不太了解的朋友们,可以查阅相关资料补充一下。
关于整个流程的的截图,我在这里就不在贴出了,大家可以参看Notification详解之三的流程截图。布局文件也没有变化,所以这里也不在贴出。
我们主要看一下MainActivity、DownloadService、FileMgrActivity这几个组件的实现形式。
首先是MainActivity:
package com.scott.notification; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MyReceiver receiver; private TextView text; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text); receiver = new MyReceiver(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER"); //注册 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //不要忘了这一步 unregisterReceiver(receiver); } public void start(View view) { Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class); //这里不再使用bindService,而使用startService startService(intent); } /** * 广播接收器 * @author user * */ private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); int progress = bundle.getInt("progress"); text.setText("downloading..." + progress + "%"); } } }
上面的代码中,我们的MyReceiver类是继承了BroadcastReceiver,在onReceive方法中,定义了收到进度信息并更新UI的逻辑,在onCreate中,我们注册了这个接受者,并指定action为android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER,如此一来,如果其他组件向这个指定的action发送消息,我们就能够接收到;另外要注意的是,不要忘了在Activity被摧毁的时候调用unregisterReceiver取消注册。
然后再来看一下DownloadService有什么变化:
package com.scott.notification; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.widget.RemoteViews; public class DownloadService extends Service { private static final int NOTIFY_ID = 0; private boolean cancelled; private Context mContext = this; private NotificationManager mNotificationManager; private Notification mNotification; private Handler handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case 1: int rate = msg.arg1; if (rate < 100) { //更新进度 RemoteViews contentView = mNotification.contentView; contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.rate, rate + "%"); contentView.setProgressBar(R.id.progress, 100, rate, false); } else { //下载完毕后变换通知形式 mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; mNotification.contentView = null; Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, FileMgrActivity.class); // 告知已完成 intent.putExtra("completed", "yes"); //更新参数,注意flags要使用FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(mContext, "下载完成", "文件已下载完毕", contentIntent); } // 最后别忘了通知一下,否则不会更新 mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFY_ID, mNotification); if (rate >= 100) { stopSelf(); //停止服务 } break; case 0: // 取消通知 mNotificationManager.cancel(NOTIFY_ID); break; } }; }; @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(android.content.Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { super.onStart(intent, startId); int icon = R.drawable.down; CharSequence tickerText = "开始下载"; long when = System.currentTimeMillis(); mNotification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when); // 放置在"正在运行"栏目中 mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT; RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(mContext.getPackageName(), R.layout.download_notification_layout); contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.fileName, "AngryBird.apk"); // 指定个性化视图 mNotification.contentView = contentView; Intent intnt = new Intent(this, FileMgrActivity.class); PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, intnt, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); // 指定内容意图 mNotification.contentIntent = contentIntent; mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFY_ID, mNotification); new Thread() { public void run() { startDownload(); }; }.start(); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); cancelled = true; //停止下载线程 } private void startDownload() { cancelled = false; int rate = 0; while (!cancelled && rate < 100) { try { //模拟下载进度 Thread.sleep(500); rate = rate + 5; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(); msg.what = 1; msg.arg1 = rate; handler.sendMessage(msg); //发送特定action的广播 Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER"); intent.putExtra("progress", rate); sendBroadcast(intent); } if (cancelled) { Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(); msg.what = 0; handler.sendMessage(msg); } } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } }
可以看到,我们在onBind方法里不在返回自定义的Binder实例了,因为现在的Service和Activitys之间并没有绑定关系了,他们是独立的;在下载过程中,我们会调用sendBroadcast方法,向指定的action发送一个附带有进度信息的intent,这样的话,所有注册过action为android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER的Activity都能收到这条进度消息了。
最后再来看一下FileMgrActivity:
package com.scott.notification; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class FileMgrActivity extends Activity { private MyReceiver receiver; private ProgressBar progressBar; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.filemgr); progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress); if ("yes".equals(getIntent().getStringExtra("completed"))) { progressBar.setProgress(100); } receiver = new MyReceiver(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER"); //注册 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); } public void cancel(View view) { Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class); stopService(intent); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //不要忘了这一步 unregisterReceiver(receiver); } /** * 广播接收器 * @author user * */ private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); int progress = bundle.getInt("progress"); progressBar.setProgress(progress); } } }
我们发现,FileMgrActivity的模式和MainActivity差不多,也是注册了相同的广播接收者,对于DownloadService来说自己是广播基站,MainActivity和FileMgrActivity就是听众,信号能够同时到达多个听众,对于代码而言,与之前的代码比较一下,发现简洁了许多,显然这种方式更好一些。
对于我们上面提到的男女关系,DownloadService就是那个女人,然后两个男人将自己的手机号告知了女人,等于注册了接收器,然后女人将短信群发给两个男人。不过在这种情况下,两个男人互相都不知道对方的存在,以为女人深深的爱着自己,等到发现一切的时候,就是痛苦的时候。相信大家如果遇到这种情况都会很痛苦吧,至于你们信不信,我反正是信的。哈哈。
其实关于Notification的讲解最后两篇涉及到Notification的不多,主要是围绕Notification做一些实际的应用示例,希望对于朋友们平时遇到的问题会有所帮助,如果这方面有了新的研究总结,我会再及时更新的,谢谢大家。