如何在Django项目的上下文中执行任意脚本？

Sometimes I want to execute a file in the context of my Django project, just as if I were using the shell, but with the convenience of using a text editor. This is mainly to try something out, or quickly prototype some functionality before putting it into a view, test, recurring task, or management command.

有时我想在我的Django项目的上下文中执行一个文件，就像我使用shell一样，但是使用文本编辑器的便利性。这主要是为了尝试一些东西，或者在将其放入视图，测试，重复任务或管理命令之前快速构建一些功能原型。

I know I can stick these lines at the top of my .py file and it'll run in the Django context:

我知道我可以将这些行放在我的.py文件的顶部，它将在Django上下文中运行：

import sys
sys.path.append('/location/of/projet')
from django.core.management import setup_environ
import settings
setup_environ(settings)

I thought it'd be easier to make a management command that takes on argument, a python module to run, and executes it in the Django environment. Here's the 'runmodule' command I wrote:

我认为制作一个带有参数的管理命令，运行python模块并在Django环境中执行它会更容易。这是我写的'runmodule'命令：

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError

class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = "Runs an arbitrary module, in the Django environment, for quick prototyping of code that's too big for the shell."

    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        if not args:
            return
        module_name = args[0]

        try:
            __import__(module_name)
        except ImportError:
            print("Unable to import module %s.  Check that is within Django's PYTHONPATH" % (module_name))

This looks like it works -- I can stick some code in a module, and pass it as an argument to this command, and it'll get executed, e.g.

这看起来很有效 - 我可以在模块中粘贴一些代码，并将其作为参数传递给此命令，并且它将被执行，例如，

python manage.py runmodule myapp.trysomethingout

which will execute myapp/trysomethingout.py. Is this the best way to do this?

这将执行myapp / trysomethingout.py。这是最好的方法吗？

1 个解决方案

#1

The best way to execute a script with the correct django context is to set the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable to your settings module (and appropriate PYTHONPATH if needed). In windows this usually means executing:

使用正确的django上下文执行脚本的最佳方法是将DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE环境变量设置为您的设置模块（如果需要，还可以设置适当的PYTHONPATH）。在Windows中，这通常意味着执行：

set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=setting

and in bash :

在bash中：

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=setting

You can now import your models etc.

您现在可以导入模型等。

see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings .

请参阅：https：//docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings。

Note that in order to import the settings module, one should use from django.conf import settings. This takes into account the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE instead of automatically using settings.py .

请注意，为了导入设置模块，应该使用django.conf导入设置。这考虑了DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE而不是自动使用settings.py。

#1

set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=setting