MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

时间:2024-01-13 16:52:02

Ajax的应用在平时的工作中,很是常见,这篇文章,完全是为了,巩固复习。

我们先看看不使用json格式返回分部视图:

先说需求吧:

我有两个实体,一个是出版商【Publisher】,一个是书【Book】(很显然这是一对多的关系,一个出版商可以出版很多书籍,一本书只有一个出版商。),这里,我要实现的是,在出版商页面,使用DropDownList加载出来有哪些出版商,然后选择出版商的时候,异步加载分部视图,加载这个出版商出版的书籍的数据。

打算使用EF来做,也当是一个复习吧:

1.首先新建一个空白的MVC web项目:,在Model文件夹下面新建两个实体:

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

BOOK实体:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Models
{
public class Book
{
public int BookID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Auther { get; set; } public string Price { get; set; } public string Year { get; set; } public int PublisherID { get; set; } public virtual Publisher Publisher { get; set; }
}
}

Book

Punlisher实体:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Models
{
public class Publisher
{
/// <summary>
/// 出版编号
/// </summary>
public int PublisherID { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 出版商名称
/// </summary>
public string PublisherName { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 出版日期
/// </summary>
public string PublisherYear { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Book> Books { get; set; }
}
}

Publisher

2.接着,添加EF引用,然后在根目录下,新建一个Map文件夹,在里面新建两个实体:

using AjaxDataInMVC.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map
{
public class BookMap:EntityTypeConfiguration<Book>
{
public BookMap()
{
//设置主键
this.HasKey(x => x.BookID); this.Property(x => x.BookID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
this.Property(x => x.Price).IsRequired();
this.Property(x => x.Auther).IsRequired().HasMaxLength();
this.Property(x => x.Title);
this.Property(x => x.Year); this.HasRequired(x => x.Publisher).WithMany(x => x.Books).HasForeignKey(x => x.PublisherID).WillCascadeOnDelete(true); this.ToTable("Books"); }
}
}

BookMap

using AjaxDataInMVC.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map
{
public class PublisherMap:EntityTypeConfiguration<Publisher>
{
public PublisherMap()
{
//主键
this.HasKey(x => x.PublisherID); this.Property(x => x.PublisherID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
this.Property(x => x.PublisherName).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();
this.Property(x => x.PublisherYear).IsRequired(); this.ToTable("Publishers"); }
}
}

PublisherMap

3.现在就是新建数据上下文类了,在Map文件夹下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map
{
public class MyDbContext:DbContext
{
public MyDbContext() :
base("name=DbConnectionString") { } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
var typesToRegister = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes()
.Where(type => !String.IsNullOrEmpty(type.Namespace))
.Where(type => type.BaseType != null && type.BaseType.IsGenericType
&& type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(EntityTypeConfiguration<>));
foreach (var type in typesToRegister)
{
dynamic configurationInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(configurationInstance);
}
// base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
}
}
}

MyDbContext

别忘了,配置文件中加上:

<connectionStrings>
<add name="DbConnectionString" connectionString="server=.;database=MyBookDB;uid=sa;pwd=Password_1" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

5.这里特别提到,创建下拉框,我们可以新建一个ViewModel性质的实体

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel
{
public class PublisherViewModel
{
public PublisherViewModel()
{
PublisherList = new List<SelectListItem>();
} [Display(Name="PublishName")]
public int PublisherID { get; set; } public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> PublisherList { get; set; } }
}

4.创建对应的控制器:

using AjaxDataInMVC.Map;
using AjaxDataInMVC.Models;
using AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers
{
public class PublisherController : Controller
{
private MyDbContext context;
public PublisherController()
{
context = new MyDbContext();
        //检测到循环引用可以加上这句
context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
}
// GET: Publisher
public ActionResult Index()
{
List<Publisher> lstPublisher = context.Set<Publisher>().ToList();
PublisherViewModel model = new PublisherViewModel();
model.PublisherList = lstPublisher.Select(x => new SelectListItem()
{ Text = x.PublisherName,
Value = x.PublisherID.ToString()
}); return View(model);
} }
}
using AjaxDataInMVC.Map;
using AjaxDataInMVC.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers
{
public class BookController : Controller
{
private MyDbContext context;
public BookController()
{
context = new MyDbContext();
context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
}
// GET: Book
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
} //直接返回布局页的方式:HTML
public PartialViewResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id)
{ List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList();
return PartialView(lstBook);
} //Json方式
//public JsonResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id)
//{
// List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList();
// return Json(lstBook,JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
//}
}
}

Publisher控制器的Index视图:

@model AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel.PublisherViewModel
@{
Layout = null;
} <!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
@*思路是:在当前页面,点击下拉框,加载分部视图*@
<div>
@Html.LabelFor(s=>s.PublisherID)
@Html.DropDownListFor(s=>s.PublisherID,Model.PublisherList)
</div>
<div id="myDIV"> </div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#PublisherID").change(function () {
var id=$("#PublisherID").val();
$.ajax({
url: "/Book/GetBookDetailsByID/" + id,
type: "get",
dataType: "html",
success: function (result) { //html文本方式
$("#myDIV").html("");
$("#myDIV").html(result); //二。Json方式
//$("#myDIV").html("");
//var myHTML = "<ul>";
//$.each(result, function (key, item) {
// myHTML += "<li>编号:" + item.BookID + "</li>";
// myHTML += "<li>标题:" + item.Title + "</li>";
// myHTML += "<li>作者:" + item.Auther + "</li>";
// myHTML += "<li>价格:" + item.Price + "</li>";
// myHTML += "<li>时间:" + item.Year + "</li>"; //})
//myHTML +="</ul>"
//$("#myDIV").html(myHTML);
},
error:function(result){
alert(result.responseText);
} });
}); });
</script>
</body>
</html>

Book控制器的分部视图GetBookDetailsByID:

@model IEnumerable<AjaxDataInMVC.Models.Book>
<table style="border:1px solid thin">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>BookID</th>
<th>Title</th>
<th>Auther</th>
<th>Price</th>
<th>Year</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var item in Model)
{
<tr>
<td>@item.BookID</td>
<td>@item.Title</td>
<td>@item.Auther</td>
<td>@item.Price</td>
<td>@item.Year</td>
</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>

在数据库中写上测试数据,然后先运行一下:

选择:新华大学出版社,的时候,随即加载出了对应的数据。

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

选择:长江日报出版社的时候,加载:

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

现在看看:使用Json方式加载吧:

修改一下Book控制器,和其相关的Publisher控制器的Index视图就可以:

using AjaxDataInMVC.Map;
using AjaxDataInMVC.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers
{
public class BookController : Controller
{
private MyDbContext context;
public BookController()
{
context = new MyDbContext();
context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
}
// GET: Book
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
} ////直接返回布局页的方式:HTML
//public PartialViewResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id)
//{ // List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList();
// return PartialView(lstBook);
//} //Json方式
public JsonResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id)
{
List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList();
return Json(lstBook,JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
}
@model AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel.PublisherViewModel
@{
Layout = null;
} <!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
@*思路是:在当前页面,点击下拉框,加载分部视图*@
<div>
@Html.LabelFor(s=>s.PublisherID)
@Html.DropDownListFor(s=>s.PublisherID,Model.PublisherList)
</div>
<div id="myDIV"> </div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#PublisherID").change(function () {
var id=$("#PublisherID").val();
$.ajax({
url: "/Book/GetBookDetailsByID/" + id,
type: "get",
dataType: "json",
success: function (result) { //1.html文本方式
//$("#myDIV").html("");
//$("#myDIV").html(result); //二。Json方式
$("#myDIV").html("");
var myHTML = "<ul>";
$.each(result, function (key, item) {
myHTML += "<li>编号:" + item.BookID + "</li>";
myHTML += "<li>标题:" + item.Title + "</li>";
myHTML += "<li>作者:" + item.Auther + "</li>";
myHTML += "<li>价格:" + item.Price + "</li>";
myHTML += "<li>时间:" + item.Year + "</li>"; })
myHTML +="</ul>"
$("#myDIV").html(myHTML);
},
error:function(result){
alert(result.responseText);
} });
}); });
</script>
</body>
</html>

接着运行:

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据

总结:这篇文章,完全为了复习巩固,另外在序列化Book实体,json 数据的时候,你可能会遇到这个错误:检测到循环依赖,因为我没有给Book实体新建一个ViewModel,这里可以这样解决:

 context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
禁用代理。
另外,使用Json格式返回数据,很快,比直接用HTML文本加载视图快很多。
Content Type Header Body Total (Byte)
text/html 434 375 809
application/ json 398 197 595
 

MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据