使用JavaScript使用UTF-8（例如希腊语）编码将JSON导出为CSV或Excel

I am trying to export and download a JSON object to CSV file and I have problem with Greek characters. My code works; it is not perfect, but it works.

我试图导出并下载JSON对象到CSV文件，我有希腊字符的问题。我的代码有效;它并不完美，但它确实有效。

The problem is that Greek characters looks like junk.

问题是希腊字符看起来像垃圾。

Here is my existing code:

这是我现有的代码：

function downloadJsonToCsv(jsonObject) {
    var array = typeof jsonObject != "object" ? JSON.parse(jsonObject) : jsonObject;

    if (array == null) {
        return; // No data found on the jsonObject
    }

    var str = "";

    for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        var line = "";

        for (var index in array[i]) {
            line += array[i][index] + ";"; // Set delimiter
        }

        // Here is an example where you would wrap the values in double quotes
        // for (var index in array[i]) {
        //    line += '"' + array[i][index] + '",';
        // }

        line.slice(0,line.Length-1); 

        str += line + "\r\n";
    }

    window.open("data:text/csv;charset=utf-8," + encodeURI(str));
}

I have two questions.

我有两个问题。

How can export this CSV file with correct Greek chars?
如何使用正确的希腊语字符导出此CSV文件？
How can I export this data in Excel format and not in CSV format?
如何以Excel格式而不是CSV格式导出此数据？

2 个解决方案

#1

Export to CSV

导出为CSV

Exporting to CSV with non-ASCII characters requires prepending the file with the Byte Order Mark aka BOM. In your code change

导出为具有非ASCII字符的CSV需要在文件前加上字节顺序标记，即物料清单。在你的代码更改

var str = "";

var str =“”;

to:

至：

var str = "\uFEFF";

var str =“\ uFEFF”;

You need a modern version of Excel to recognize the BOM. As mentioned in this helpful * article, Excel 2003 and earlier will not honor the BOM correctly. I only have access to Excel 2003 on Windows, so I cannot test this at the moment, but it's fairly well documented.

您需要一个现代版本的Excel来识别BOM。正如这篇有用的*文章所述，Excel 2003及更早版本不会正确地遵守BOM。我只能在Windows*问Excel 2003，所以我暂时无法对此进行测试，但它的记录相当完整。

Sadly, Excel 2011 for the Macintosh is NOT a "modern Excel" in this sense. Happily, Google Sheets do the right thing.

遗憾的是，Excel 2011 for the Macintosh在这个意义上并不是一个“现代Excel”。令人高兴的是，Google表格做了正确的事情。

Export directly to Excel

直接导出到Excel

Here's a jsFiddle implementation of the code below. It generates a SpreadsheetXml document. The upside to this method is you could get VERY tricky ... adding in formulas and doing a lot more things specific to Excel.

这是下面代码的jsFiddle实现。它生成一个SpreadsheetXml文档。这种方法的好处是你可能会非常棘手...添加公式并做更多特定于Excel的事情。

// Test script to generate a file from JavaScript such
// that MS Excel will honor non-ASCII characters.

testJson = [
    {
        "name": "Tony Peña",
        "city": "New York",
        "country": "United States",
        "birthdate": "1978-03-15",
        "amount": 42

    },
    {
        "name": "Ζαλώνης Thessaloniki",
        "city": "Athens",
        "country": "Greece",
        "birthdate": "1987-11-23",
        "amount": 42
    }
];

// Simple type mapping; dates can be hard
// and I would prefer to simply use `datevalue`
// ... you could even add the formula in here.
testTypes = {
    "name": "String",
    "city": "String",
    "country": "String",
    "birthdate": "String",
    "amount": "Number"
};

emitXmlHeader = function () {
    var headerRow =  '<ss:Row>\n';
    for (var colName in testTypes) {
        headerRow += '  <ss:Cell>\n';
        headerRow += '    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">';
        headerRow += colName + '</ss:Data>\n';
        headerRow += '  </ss:Cell>\n';        
    }
    headerRow += '</ss:Row>\n';    
    return '<?xml version="1.0"?>\n' +
           '<ss:Workbook xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet">\n' +
           '<ss:Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet1">\n' +
           '<ss:Table>\n\n' + headerRow;
};

emitXmlFooter = function() {
    return '\n</ss:Table>\n' +
           '</ss:Worksheet>\n' +
           '</ss:Workbook>\n';
};

jsonToSsXml = function (jsonObject) {
    var row;
    var col;
    var xml;
    var data = typeof jsonObject != "object" 
             ? JSON.parse(jsonObject) 
             : jsonObject;

    xml = emitXmlHeader();

    for (row = 0; row < data.length; row++) {
        xml += '<ss:Row>\n';

        for (col in data[row]) {
            xml += '  <ss:Cell>\n';
            xml += '    <ss:Data ss:Type="' + testTypes[col]  + '">';
            xml += data[row][col] + '</ss:Data>\n';
            xml += '  </ss:Cell>\n';
        }

        xml += '</ss:Row>\n';
    }

    xml += emitXmlFooter();
    return xml;  
};

console.log(jsonToSsXml(testJson));

This generates the XML document below. If this XML is saved in a file named test.xls, Excel should recognize this and open it with the proper encoding.

这将生成以下XML文档。如果此XML保存在名为test.xls的文件中，则Excel应识别此项并使用正确的编码将其打开。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ss:Workbook xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet">
<ss:Worksheet ss:Name="Sheet1">
<ss:Table>

<ss:Row>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">name</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">city</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">country</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">birthdate</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">amount</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
</ss:Row>

<ss:Row>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">Tony Peña</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">New York</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">United States</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">1978-03-15</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="Number">42</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
</ss:Row>
<ss:Row>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">Ζαλώνης Thessaloniki</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">Athens</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">Greece</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="String">1987-11-23</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
  <ss:Cell>
    <ss:Data ss:Type="Number">42</ss:Data>
  </ss:Cell>
</ss:Row>

</ss:Table>
</ss:Worksheet>
</ss:Workbook>

I must admit, however, my strong inclination would be to do this server-side if possible. I've used the Python library openpyxl to do this in the past and it is fairly simple. Most server-side languages have a library that generates Excel files and they should provide much better constructs than string concatenation.

但是，我必须承认，如果可能的话，我强烈倾向于做这个服务器端。我过去曾使用Python库openpyxl来做这件事，而且非常简单。大多数服务器端语言都有一个生成Excel文件的库，它们应该提供比字符串连接更好的结构。

Anyway, see this MSDN blog for the basics. And this * article for some pros/cons of various other options.

无论如何，请参阅此MSDN博客了解基础知识。这篇*文章提供了各种其他选项的优缺点。

#2

To make excel read a Unicode CSV file you have to add a Byte Order Mark as the very first string in the csv. This can be accomplished via JavaScript through adding the following line in your code:

要使Excel读取Unicode CSV文件，您必须添加字节顺序标记作为csv中的第一个字符串。这可以通过JavaScript在代码中添加以下行来完成：

line="\ufeff"+line

#1