Cortex-m3启动代码分析笔记
启动代码文件名是STM32F10X.S，它的作用先总结下，然后再分析。
启动代码作用一般是：
1）堆和栈的初始化；
2）中断向量表定义；
3）地址重映射及中断向量表的转移；
4）设置系统时钟频率；
5）中断寄存器的初始化；
6）进入C应用程序。
（1）按启动代码的次序，先看堆和栈的初始化：
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000200 ;定义Stack_Size为0x00000200
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN= ;定义栈，可初始为0，8字节对齐 ；声明一个名为STACK的可读写段，8字节对齐
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;分配0x200个连续字节，并初始化为0 ；开辟一段大小为Stack_Size的内存空间
__initial_sp ;汇编代码地址标号 ；地址标号，即STACK段空间顶地址
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000000
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8 ;指定当前文件堆栈8字节对齐
THUMB ;告诉汇编器下面是32为的Thumb指令，如果需要汇编器将插入位以保证对齐
由于Cortex m3设定每次上电复位后都从0x00地址处加载中断向量表，并且将中断向量表的第0个地址的数据加载入MSP作为栈顶地址。所以在中断向量表的第0个地址出填写__initial_sp即STACK段空间顶地址。
同时在MDK的工程属性页面里设定“片上只读地址的范围”0x00至0x80000；在 LINK选项卡里面选择使用从Target里面得到内存布局。这样RESET段都可以被链接至0x00地址处，而其中最开始的__Vectors地址标号所指定的__initial_sp，即STACK段空间顶地址，至此芯片就在上电后通过中断向量表将MSP的值设置为__initial_sp的值了。
（2）中断向量表定义
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ; 定义复位向量段，只读
EXPORT __Vectors ; 定义一个可以在其他文件中使用的全局标号。此处表示中断地址
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; 给__initial_sp分配4字节32位的地址0x0
DCD Reset_Handler ; 给标号Reset Handler分配地址为0x00000004
DCD NMI_Handler ; 给标号NMI Handler分配地址0x00000008
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD ; 这种形式就是保留地址，不给任何标号分配
DCD ; Reserved
DCD ; Reserved
DCD ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMAChannel1_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 1
DCD DMAChannel2_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 2
DCD DMAChannel3_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 3
DCD DMAChannel4_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 4
DCD DMAChannel5_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 5
DCD DMAChannel6_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 6
DCD DMAChannel7_IRQHandler ; DMA Channel 7
DCD ADC_IRQHandler ; ADC
DCD USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN TX
DCD USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN RX0
DCD CAN_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN RX1
DCD CAN_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend
（3）中断向量表的转移
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;代码段定义
; Reset Handler
Reset_Handler PROC ;标记一个函数的开始
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] ;[WEAK] 选项表示当所有的源文件都没有定义这样一个标号时，编译器也不给出错误信息，在多数情况下将该标号置为 0 ， ;若该标号为 B 或 BL 指令引用，则将 B 或 BL指令置为 NOP 操作。EXPORT提示编译器该标号可以为外部文件引用。
IMPORT __main ;通知编译器要使用的标号在其他文件
LDR R0, =__main ;使用“=”表示LDR目前是伪指令不是标准指令。这里是把__main的地址给RO。
BX R0 ;BX是ARM指令集和THUMB指令集之间程序的跳转
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler m ;"m"其实就是PROC表示汇编函数的开始
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\ ;"\"是换行的意思
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B . ;"."号到底是什么含义呢，目前还没查到资料。可能是保留地址，供以后修改的吧
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMAChannel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMAChannel1_IRQHandler
DMAChannel2_IRQHandler
DMAChannel3_IRQHandler
DMAChannel4_IRQHandler
DMAChannel5_IRQHandler
DMAChannel6_IRQHandler
DMAChannel7_IRQHandler
ADC_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
（4）堆和栈的初始化
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB ;“DEF”的用法——:DEF:X 就是说X定义了则为真，否则为假
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN ;填充字节使地址对齐
ENDIF
END
==============================================================================
“.”代表 address of current instruction 也就是当前指令地址
文中了（B .）表示循环，有点像C里面的while(1);语句。