python文件上传的三种方式

时间：2022-05-20 17:23:11
def upload(request):

    return render(request, 'upload.html')

def upload_file(request):

    username = request.POST.get('username')

    fafafa = request.FILES.get('fafafa')

    with open(fafafa.name, 'wb') as f:

        for item in fafafa.chunks():

            f.write(item)

    print(username)

    ret = {'code': '', 'data': 'hahahaha'}

    import json

    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

views.py

1.xmlHttpResquest

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

    <style>

        .file{

            width: 100px;

            height: 50px;

            position: absolute;

            z-index: 100;

            opacity: 0;

        }

        .upload{

            width: 100px;

            height: 50px;

            position: absolute;

            z-index: 90;

            top: 0;

            bottom: 0;

            right: 0;

            left: 0;

            background-color: blue;

            text-align: center;

            line-height: 50px;

            border-radius: 30px;

            color: white;

        }

    </style>

<body>

    <div style="position: relative;height: 50px;width: 100px;">

        <input class="file" type="file" id="fafafa">

        <a class="upload">上传</a>

    </div>

    <input type="button" value="xhr提交" onclick="xhrSubmit()">

    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>

    <script>

        function xhrSubmit() {

            var file_obj = document.getElementById('fafafa').files[0];

            var fd = new FormData();

            fd.append('username','root')

            fd.append('fafafa',file_obj)

            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

            xhr.open('POST', '/upload_file/',true);

            <!--onreadystatechange可以监测xhr的状态变化-->

            xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){

                if(xhr.readyState == 4){

                    // 接收完毕

                    var obj = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);

                    console.log(obj);

                }

            };

            xhr.send(fd);

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

2.jQuery

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

    <style>

        .file{

            width: 100px;

            height: 50px;

            position: absolute;

            z-index: 100;

            opacity: 0;

        }

        .upload{

            width: 100px;

            height: 50px;

            position: absolute;

            z-index: 90;

            top: 0;

            bottom: 0;

            right: 0;

            left: 0;

            background-color: blue;

            text-align: center;

            line-height: 50px;

            border-radius: 30px;

            color: white;

        }

    </style>

<body>

    <div style="position: relative;height: 50px;width: 100px;">

        <input class="file" type="file" id="fafafa">

        <a class="upload">上传</a>

    </div>

    <input type="button" value="jQuery提交" onclick="jqSubmit()">

    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>

    <script>

        function jqSubmit() {

            {#var file_obj = $('fafafa').files[0];#}

            var file_obj = document.getElementById('fafafa').files[0];

            var fd = new FormData();

            fd.append('username','root');

            fd.append('fafafa',file_obj);

            $.ajax({

                url: '/upload_file/',

                type: 'post',

                data: fd,

                processData: false, // tell jQuery not to process the data

                contentType: false, // tell jQuery not to set contentType

                success:function (arg,a1,a2) {

                    console.log(arg);

                    console.log(a1);

                    console.log(a2);

                }

            })

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

3.iframe

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/upload_file/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" target="ifm1">

        <!--这里添加iframe是由于需要有一个html接收"/upload_file/"方法返回的参数，一般为HttpResponse，所以这里使用iframe接收，

        iframe一般设置为"display：none"将其隐藏-->

        <iframe id='ifm1' name="ifm1"></iframe>

        <input type="file" name="fafafa">

        <input type="submit" onclick="iframeSubmit()" value="iframe提交">

    </form>

    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>

    <script>

        function iframeSubmit() {

            $('#ifm1').load(function () {

                var text = $('#ifm1').contents().find('body').text();

                var obj = JSON.parse(text)

                console.log(obj)

            })

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

FormData

The FormData interface provides a way to easily construct a set of key/value pairs representing form fields and their values, which can then be easily sent using the XMLHttpRequest.send() method. It uses the same format a form would use if the encoding type were set to "multipart/form-data".

An object implementing FormData can directly be used in a for...of structure, instead of entries(): for (var p of myFormData) is equivalent to for (var p of myFormData.entries()).

FormData对象用以将数据编译成键值对，以便用XMLHttpRequest来发送数据。其主要用于发送表单数据，但亦可用于发送带键数据(keyed data)，而独立于表单使用。如果表单enctype属性设为multipart/form-data ，则会使用表单的submit()方法来发送数据，从而，发送数据具有同样形式。

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FormData

1、通过get(key)与getAll(key)来获取相对应的值

// 获取key为age的第一个值

formdata.get("age");

 // 获取key为age的所有值，返回值为数组类型

formdata.getAll("age");

2、通过append(key,value)在数据末尾追加数据

//通过FormData构造函数创建一个空对象

var formdata=new FormData();

//通过append()方法在末尾追加key为name值为laoliu的数据

formdata.append("name","laoliu");

//通过append()方法在末尾追加key为name值为laoli的数据

formdata.append("name","laoli");

//通过append()方法在末尾追加key为name值为laotie的数据

formdata.append("name","laotie");

//通过get方法读取key为name的第一个值

console.log(formdata.get("name"));//laoliu

//通过getAll方法读取key为name的所有值

console.log(formdata.getAll("name"));//["laoliu", "laoli", "laotie"]

3、通过set(key, value)来设置修改数据

# key的值不存在，会添加一条数据

//通过FormData构造函数创建一个空对象

var formdata=new FormData();

//如果key的值不存在会为数据添加一个key为name值为laoliu的数据

formdata.set("name","laoli");

//通过get方法读取key为name的第一个值

console.log(formdata.get("name"));//laoli

4、通过has(key)来判断是否存在对应的key值

//通过FormData构造函数创建一个空对象

var formdata=new FormData();

//通过append()方法在末尾追加key为name值为laoliu的数据

formdata.append("name","laoliu");

//判断是否包含key为name的数据

console.log(formdata.has("name"));//true

//判断是否包含key为age的数据

console.log(formdata.has("age"));//false

5、通过delete(key)可以删除数据

//通过FormData构造函数创建一个空对象

var formdata=new FormData();

//通过append()方法在末尾追加key为name值为laoliu的数据

formdata.append("name","laoliu");

console.log(formdata.get("name"));//laoliu

//删除key为name的值

formdata.delete("name");

console.log(formdata.get("name"));//null

通过XMLHttpRequest发送数据

<form id="advForm">

    <p>广告名称：<input type="text" name="advName" value="xixi"></p>

    <p>广告类别：<select name="advType">

        <option value="1">轮播图</option>

        <option value="2">轮播图底部广告</option>

        <option value="3">热门回收广告</option>

        <option value="4">优品精选广告</option>

    </select></p>

    <p>广告图片：<input type="file" name="advPic"></p>

    <p>广告地址：<input type="text" name="advUrl"></p>

    <p>广告排序：<input type="text" name="orderBy"></p>

    <p><input type="button" id="btn" value="添加"></p>

</form>

HTML

var btn=document.querySelector("#btn");

btn.onclick=function(){

    var formdata=new FormData(document.getElementById("advForm"));

    var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest();

    xhr.open("post","http://127.0.0.1/adv");

    xhr.send(formdata);

    xhr.onload=function(){

        if(xhr.status==200){

            //...

        }

    }

}

JS

上传至指定目录

settings.py文件

MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

然后在project的目录下创建文件夹"media"

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