首先,打开VS2012,然后新建一个工程,命名为TimeTable。
点击确定后,选择模拟器运行环境:
试试看你的应用程序是否能够正常运行,可以的话,继续下面的步骤。
开发之前我们先细想一下这个工程,要做的是要把课程的数据显示出来,那么就要用到数据绑定了。熟悉wp7和silverlight开发的朋友,接下来你就会发现,在win8(XAML+c#)开发当中,数据绑定是一样的。
首先,我们修改下我们的工程,新建一个命名为Resources.然后在 文件夹右键–添加–新建项,选取资源字典。命名为:MyDictionary.xaml。添加一行画刷来作为背景。并且修改代码如下:
1234567891011 | <ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:TimeTable.Resources"> <SolidColorBrushColor="#0099FF"x:Key="AppBackgroundColor"/></ResourceDictionary> |
现在打开App.xaml。添加对MyDicitonary.xaml的声明。修改如下:
123456789101112131415 | <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <!-- Stylesthat define commonaspects of theplatform look andfeel Requiredby Visual Studioproject anditem templates --> <ResourceDictionarySource="Common/StandardStyles.xaml"/> <ResourceDictionarySource="Resources/MyDictionary.xaml"/> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> |
现在修改MainPage.xaml的grid的背景。
1 | <GridBackground="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> |
现在,就能看到背景色变为了蓝色。接下来就进行数据定义吧。我们的数据类都继承INotifyPropertyChanged接口,以便数据更新的时候能够自己通知控件更新。添加一个Data的文件夹。然后新建添加三个类,分别是ViewModel.cs,WeekdayItem.cs,ScheduleItem.cs .
代码如下:
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647 | classViewModel :INotifyPropertyChanged { privateObservableCollection<WeekdayItem>weekdayList; publicObservableCollection<WeekdayItem>WeekdayList {get {return weekdayList;} } privateint selectedItemIndex; publicint SelectedItemIndex { get{ returnselectedItemIndex;} set{ selectedItemIndex= value;NotifyPropertyChanged("SelectedItemIndex");} } publicViewModel() { weekdayList= newObservableCollection<WeekdayItem>(); selectedItemIndex= -1; } publicevent PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; privatevoid NotifyPropertyChanged(stringpropName) { if(PropertyChanged!= null) { PropertyChanged(this,new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } } } |
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465 | classWeekdayItem :INotifyPropertyChanged { privateObservableCollection<ScheduleItem>scheduleList; privateint scheduleSelected; publicint ScheduleSelected { get{ returnscheduleSelected;} set{ scheduleSelected= value;NotifyPropertyChanged("ScheduleSelected");} } publicObservableCollection<ScheduleItem>ScheduleList { get{ returnscheduleList;} } publicWeekdayItem() { scheduleList= newObservableCollection<ScheduleItem>(); weekday= "Monday"; } privatestring weekday; publicstring Weekday { get{ returnweekday; } set{ weekday= value;NotifyPropertyChanged("WeekDay");} } publicevent PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; privatevoid NotifyPropertyChanged(stringpropName) { if(PropertyChanged!= null) { PropertyChanged(this,new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } } } |
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899 | classScheduleItem :INotifyPropertyChanged { privatestring lessonName; publicstring LessonName { get{ returnlessonName;} set { lessonName= value; NotifyPropertyChanged("LessonName"); } } privatestring startTime; publicstring StartTime { get { returnstartTime; } set { startTime= value; NotifyPropertyChanged("StartTme"); } } privatestring endTime; publicstring EndTime { get{ returnendTime; } set { endTime= value; NotifyPropertyChanged("EndTime"); } } privatestring classRoom; publicstring ClassRoom { get{ returnclassRoom; } set{ classRoom= value;NotifyPropertyChanged("ClassRoom");} } publicevent PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; privatevoid NotifyPropertyChanged(stringpropName) { if(PropertyChanged!= null) { PropertyChanged(this,new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } }} |
上面的代码已经很清楚了。就不多说了。
温馨提示:要用到InotifyPropertyChanged接口,必须先引用System.ComponentModel命名空间哦,还有动态数据集合ObservableCollection也需要引用System.Collections.ObjectModel命名空间的哦,不然看到红色下划波浪线还傻傻不知道什么事。还有一点需要说明的是,InotifyPropertyChanged接口在以前的开发中用的是Windows.UI.Xaml.Data命名空间,在WinRT下变成了System.ComponentModel了,谨记!另外本教程涉及到文件夹下的文件,命名空间不统一,如果你要在MainPage里调用Data文件夹里的文件,必须添加命名空间TimeTable.Data,下面将要建立的Pages文件夹同理。
下面进行数据绑定。首先,在MyDictionary.xaml的SolidColorBrush的下面添加下面一段代码:
1234567891011121314151617 | <Stylex:Key="WeekdayListStyle"TargetType="TextBlock"BasedOn="{Binding BasicTextStyle}"> <SetterProperty="FontSize"Value="45"/> <SetterProperty="FontWeight"Value="Light"/> <SetterProperty="Margin"Value="10,0"/> <SetterProperty="VerticalAlignment"Value="Center"/> </Style> <DataTemplatex:Key="WeekdayListItemTemplate"> <TextBlockText="{Binding Weekday}"Style="{StaticResource WeekdayListStyle}"/> </DataTemplate> |
上面定义了一个数据模板,BasicTextStyle定义在Common/StandardStyles.xaml里面,这个文件里面定义了很多style。
下面修改MainPage的Grid。
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445 | <GridBackground="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <StackPanelGrid.RowSpan="2"> <TextBlockx:Name="WeekdayListTitle"Style="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}"Margin="10" Text="星期列表"/> <ListViewx:Name="weekdayList" Grid.RowSpan="2" ItemsSource="{Binding WeekdayList}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource WeekdayListItemTemplate}"> </ListView> </StackPanel> <StackPanelOrientation="Vertical"Grid.Column="1"Grid.RowSpan="2"> <TextBlockStyle="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}"Margin="10"x:Name="ItemDetailTitle" Text="课程细节"/> <Framex:Name="ItemDetailFrame"/> </StackPanel> </Grid> |
上面定义的style除了自己定义的,基本都是在Common/StandardStyles.xaml里面。熟悉数据绑定的能在上面的代码看到熟悉的代码影吧。绑定了ListView的ItemsSource和ItemTemplate。下面的Frame标签以后再讲。
然后修改后台的构造函数和添加一个函数来往viewModel添加数据。
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267 | ViewModel viewModel; publicMainPage() { viewModel= newViewModel(); addData(); this.DataContext= viewModel; this.InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 往viewModel添加数据 /// </summary> privatevoid addData() { WeekdayItemmonday =new WeekdayItem(); monday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-215", StartTime= "8:30", EndTime= "10:00", LessonName= "数学" }); monday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-216", StartTime= "10:30", EndTime= "12:00", LessonName= "物理" }); monday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "E-303", StartTime= "14:30", EndTime= "16:00", LessonName= "计算机" }); monday.Weekday= "星期一"; viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(monday); WeekdayItemtuesday =new WeekdayItem(); tuesday.Weekday= "星期二"; tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-215", StartTime= "8:30", EndTime= "10:00", LessonName= "数学" }); tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-216", StartTime= "10:30", EndTime= "12:00", LessonName= "物理" }); tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "E-303", StartTime= "14:30", EndTime= "16:00", LessonName= "英语" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(tuesday); WeekdayItemwednesday =new WeekdayItem(); wednesday.Weekday= "星期三"; wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-215", StartTime= "8:30", EndTime= "10:00", LessonName= "数学" }); wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-216", StartTime= "10:30", EndTime= "12:00", LessonName= "物理" }); wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "E-303", StartTime= "14:30", EndTime= "16:00", LessonName= "英语" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(wednesday); WeekdayItemthursday =new WeekdayItem(); thursday.Weekday= "星期四"; thursday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-215", StartTime= "8:30", EndTime= "10:00", LessonName= "数学" }); thursday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-216", StartTime= "10:30", EndTime= "12:00", LessonName= "物理" }); thursday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "E-303", StartTime= "14:30", EndTime= "16:00", LessonName= "英语" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(thursday); WeekdayItemfriday =new WeekdayItem(); friday.Weekday= "星期五"; friday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-215", StartTime= "8:30", EndTime= "10:00", LessonName= "数学" }); friday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "B-216", StartTime= "10:30", EndTime= "12:00", LessonName= "物理" }); friday.ScheduleList.Add(newScheduleItem { ClassRoom= "E-303", StartTime= "14:30", EndTime= "16:00", LessonName= "英语" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(friday); } |
在构造函数,我们指定了当前页面的信息源DataContext为当前声明的viewModel。现在编译运行,就能看到运行结果如下:
下面我们要使用frame这个标签了。其实,每个页面都有这个Frame这个属性,这个Frame直接控制了导航,导航在Wp7里是用navigationService来完成的。不过可能是由于平板的屏幕大,所以用这个Frame标签就可以做到局部导航。使之可以所有操作都在一个页面完成。不过,如果开发者不实现导航返回按钮,win8平板就中间一个window键。如果能够返回上一层页面?至少我还没发现什么操作可以实现。
下面先给ListView添加一个SelectionChanged事件。当选项改变时触发。
12345 | privatevoid weekdayList_SelectionChanged_1(objectsender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e) { viewModel.SelectedItemIndex= weekdayList.SelectedIndex; } |
只做了一件事,就是修改了viewModel的SelectedItemIndex的值。那么我们要注册一个PropertyChanged事件,监听当这个SelectedItemIndex改变的时候做相应的工作。
在Mainpage的构造函数最后添加:
|
上面我们监听了SelectedItemIndex。当改变的时候使ItemDetailFrame这个Frame导航到不同的页面。这个navigate方法,由VS2012的智能提示就知道,可以带参数,也可以不带参数。
下面我们新建一个文件夹Pages。然后添加一个空页面NoItemSelected.xaml。修改代码如下:
12345 | <GridBackground="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <TextBlockStyle="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}" FontSize="30"Text="No Item Selected"/></Grid> |
然后再添加一个空白页ItemDetail.xaml到Pages文件夹。修改代码如下:
12345 | <GridBackground="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <ListViewx:Name="ScheduleList"ItemsSource="{Binding ScheduleList}"IsHoldingEnabled="True"ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ScheduleListItemTemplate}"/></Grid> |
然后修改ItemDetail页面的OnNavigateTo方法并添加一个变量。
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829 | ViewModel viewModel; protectedoverride voidOnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgse) { viewModel= e.Parameteras ViewModel; this.DataContext= viewModel.WeekdayList[viewModel.SelectedItemIndex]; viewModel.PropertyChanged+= (sender,args) => { if(viewModel.SelectedItemIndex== -1) { this.DataContext= null; } else this.DataContext= viewModel.WeekdayList[viewModel.SelectedItemIndex]; }; } |
上面OnNavigateTo方法,在页面进入的时候,就获取页面传递过来的ViewModel这个数据。然后指定当前选择的Weekday为数据源。
上面我们还没定义ItemDetail页面ListView的数据模版。在MyDictionary.xaml添加如下模版:
123456789101112131415161718192021 | <DataTemplatex:Key="ScheduleListItemTemplate"> <StackPanelOrientation="Vertical"> <TextBlockText="{Binding LessonName}"FontSize="30"/> <StackPanelOrientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlockText="{Binding StartTime}"FontSize="18"/> <TextBlockText="-"FontSize="18"/> <TextBlockText="{Binding EndTime}"FontSize="18"/> </StackPanel> <TextBlockText="{Binding ClassRoom}"FontSize="30"/> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> |
这样,编译运行,就能看到选择左边的WeekdayList就能改变右边的ItemDetail部分了。