iOS Foundation 框架概述文档:常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明
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Foundation 框架概述文档:常量、数据类型、框架、函数、公布声明 | ||
Title | Topic | Date |
基础常量參考 Foundation Constants Reference |
A | Content Update |
基础数据类型參考 Foundation Data Types Reference |
A | Minor Change |
基础框架參考 Foundation Framework Reference |
A | Content Update |
基础函数參考 Foundation Functions Reference |
A | Minor Change |
Foundation Release Notes for iOS |
A | First Version |
Foundation Release Notes for OS X v10.9 | A | Content Update |
1、基础常量參考 Foundation
Constants Reference (下面仅选出经常使用的部分,完整列表可点击此行标题转入官网链接)
NSNotFound
定义一个值,用于指示请求项找不到或不存在。
Defines a value that indicates that an item requested couldn’t be found or doesn’t exist.
enum {
NSNotFound = NSIntegerMax
};
NSEnumerationOptions
块枚举操作的选项。
Options for Block enumeration operations.
enum {
NSEnumerationConcurrent = (1UL << 0),
NSEnumerationReverse = (1UL << 1),
};
typedef NSUInteger NSEnumerationOptions;
NSComparisonResult
这些常量用于指示请求中的条目怎样排序。
These constants are used to indicate how items in a request are ordered.
enum {
NSOrderedAscending = -1,
NSOrderedSame,
NSOrderedDescending
};
typedef NSInteger NSComparisonResult;
NSSortOptions
块排序操作的选项。
Options for Block sorting operations.
enum {
NSSortConcurrent = (1UL << 0),
NSSortStable = (1UL << 4),
};
typedef NSUInteger NSSortOptions;
NSSearchPathDirectory
这些常量指定了各种文件夹位置,用于方法 URLsForDirectory:inDomains: 和 URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error:
NSFileManager
。
These constants specify the location of a variety of directories by the URLsForDirectory:inDomains:
andURLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error:
NSFileManager
methods.
enum {
NSApplicationDirectory = 1,
NSDemoApplicationDirectory,
NSDeveloperApplicationDirectory,
NSAdminApplicationDirectory,
NSLibraryDirectory,
NSDeveloperDirectory,
NSUserDirectory,
NSDocumentationDirectory,
NSDocumentDirectory,
NSCoreServiceDirectory,
NSAutosavedInformationDirectory = 11,
NSDesktopDirectory = 12,
NSCachesDirectory = 13,
NSApplicationSupportDirectory = 14,
NSDownloadsDirectory = 15,
NSInputMethodsDirectory = 16,
NSMoviesDirectory = 17,
NSMusicDirectory = 18,
NSPicturesDirectory = 19,
NSPrinterDescriptionDirectory = 20,
NSSharedPublicDirectory = 21,
NSPreferencePanesDirectory = 22,
NSItemReplacementDirectory = 99,
NSAllApplicationsDirectory = 100,
NSAllLibrariesDirectory = 101,
};
typedef NSUInteger NSSearchPathDirectory;
NSInteger and NSUInteger Maximum and Minimum Values
代表 NSInteger
和 NSUInteger
的最大值和最小值的常量。
Constants representing the maximum and minimum values of NSInteger
and NSUInteger
.
#define NSIntegerMax LONG_MAX
#define NSIntegerMin LONG_MIN #define NSUIntegerMax ULONG_MAX
2、基础数据类型參考 Foundation
Data Types Reference (下面仅选出经常使用的部分,完整列表可点击此行标题转入官网链接)
NSInteger
用于描写叙述一个整型。(这个不是一个类,而是一个宏定义,是 C 长整型的别名)
Used to describe an integer.
typedef long NSInteger;
NSUInteger
用于描写叙述一个无符号整型。(这个也不是一个类,而是一个宏定义,是 C 无符号长整型的别名)
Used to describe an unsigned integer.
typedef unsigned long NSUInteger;
NSTimeInterval
用于指定一个时间间隔,单位 秒。
Used to specify a time interval, in seconds.
下面这句原文,后半句关于毫秒部分的精度,没太明确,有懂得帮准确翻译一下,在此谢过。NSTimeInterval
is always specified in seconds;
it yields sub-millisecond precision over a range of 10,000 years.
typedef double NSTimeInterval;
NSUncaughtExceptionHandler
用于处理异常处理域之外的异常。也即系统无法捕获的异常,配合 XCode 做异常跟踪非常实用处。
Used for the function handling exceptions outside of an exception-handling domain.
typedef volatile void NSUncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception);
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler
Changes the top-level error handler.
void NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler (
NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *
);
声明全局异常处理函数,它就是 NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *
void UncaughtExceptionHandler(NSException *exception) { // 获取异常相关信息
NSArray *callStackSymbols = [exception callStackSymbols];
NSString *callStackSymbolStr = [callStackSymbols componentsJoinedByString:@"\n"];
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
NSString *name = [exception name]; // 获取系统当前时间
NSDate * date = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter * dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init ];
[dateFormatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日 HH小时mm分ss秒"];
NSString * dateStr = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]; NSLog(@"系统当前时间为:%@ \n",dateStr);
NSLog(@"异常名称:%@ \n",name);
NSLog(@"异常原因:%@ \n",reason);
NSLog(@"堆栈标志:%@ \n",callStackSymbolStr);
}在应用适当初始化位置为系统设置该回调函数指针,AppDelegate 完毕启动方法中比較适合:
@implementation AppDelegate - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&UncaughtExceptionHandler);
NSStringEncoding
该类型代表字符串编码值。
Type representing string-encoding values.
typedef NSUInteger NSStringEncoding;
String Encodings
下面常量由 NSString
提供,作用可用的字符串编码。
The following constants are provided by NSString
as possible string encodings.
enum {
NSASCIIStringEncoding = 1,
。。。
NSUTF8StringEncoding = 4,
。。。
NSUnicodeStringEncoding = 10,
。。。
NSProprietaryStringEncoding = 65536
};
以上节选一部分经常使用的,从上面的链接,能够查看苹果官方文档完整部分。
CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding
Returns the Cocoa encoding constant that maps most closely to a given Core Foundation encoding constant.
unsigned long CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding (
CFStringEncoding encoding
);
CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding
Returns the Core Foundation encoding constant that is the closest mapping to a given Cocoa encoding.
CFStringEncoding CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding (
unsigned long encoding
);
CFStringEncoding
An integer type for constants used to specify supported string encodings in various CFString functions.
typedef UInt32 CFStringEncoding;
External String Encodings
CFStringEncoding 常量用于可能被 CFString 支持的编码。
constants for encodings that may be supported by CFString.
CFStringEncoding
enum {
。。。
kCFStringEncodingGB_2312_80 = 0x0630,
kCFStringEncodingGBK_95 = 0x0631,
kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 = 0x0632,
。。。
kCFStringEncodingBig5 = 0x0A03,
。。。
kCFStringEncodingHZ_GB_2312 = 0x0A05,
。。。
};
kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000 是 GB 编码的最大集合,能够使用这个,用例如以下方式:
NSStringEncoding gbencoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);
3、基础框架參考 Foundation
Framework Reference
和 JSON 解析、撤销与重做、定时器类、线程同步类、线程安全类、线程通讯类、网络类、文件
之 偏好设置即用户默认设置类、文件 之 应用包及沙盒管理类、文件 之 归档与串行化类、文件 之 流类、蓝牙点对点通讯类、其他用得不多的少许类。
Functions Reference
Assertions
For additional information about Assertions, see Assertions and Logging Programming Guide.
NSAssert
NSAssert1
NSAssert2
NSAssert3
NSAssert4
NSAssert5
NSCAssert
NSCAssert1
NSCAssert2
NSCAssert3
NSCAssert4
NSCAssert5
NSCParameterAssert
NSParameterAssert
Bundles
For additional information on generating strings files see “Using Strings Files for User-Facing Text” in Internationalization
Programming Topics.
NSLocalizedString
NSLocalizedStringFromTable
NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle
NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue
Byte Ordering
NSConvertHostDoubleToSwapped
NSConvertHostFloatToSwapped
NSConvertSwappedDoubleToHost
NSConvertSwappedFloatToHost
NSHostByteOrder
NSSwapBigDoubleToHost
NSSwapBigFloatToHost
NSSwapBigIntToHost
NSSwapBigLongLongToHost
NSSwapBigLongToHost
NSSwapBigShortToHost
NSSwapDouble
NSSwapFloat
NSSwapHostDoubleToBig
NSSwapHostDoubleToLittle
NSSwapHostFloatToBig
NSSwapHostFloatToLittle
NSSwapHostIntToBig
NSSwapHostIntToLittle
NSSwapHostLongLongToBig
NSSwapHostLongLongToLittle
NSSwapHostLongToBig
NSSwapHostLongToLittle
NSSwapHostShortToBig
NSSwapHostShortToLittle
NSSwapInt
NSSwapLittleDoubleToHost
NSSwapLittleFloatToHost
NSSwapLittleIntToHost
NSSwapLittleLongLongToHost
NSSwapLittleLongToHost
NSSwapLittleShortToHost
NSSwapLong
NSSwapLongLong
NSSwapShort
Decimals
You can also use the class NSDecimalNumber
for
decimal arithmetic.
NSDecimalAdd
NSDecimalCompact
NSDecimalCompare
NSDecimalCopy
NSDecimalDivide
NSDecimalIsNotANumber
NSDecimalMultiply
NSDecimalMultiplyByPowerOf10
NSDecimalNormalize
NSDecimalPower
NSDecimalRound
NSDecimalString
NSDecimalSubtract
Exception Handling
You can find the following macros implemented in NSException.h
. They are obsolete and should not be used. See Exception
Programming Topics for information on how to handle exceptions.
Managing Object Allocation and Deallocation
NSAllocateObject
NSCopyObject
NSDeallocateObject
NSDecrementExtraRefCountWasZero
NSExtraRefCount
NSIncrementExtraRefCount
NSShouldRetainWithZone
Interacting with the Objective-C Runtime
NSGetSizeAndAlignment
NSClassFromString
NSStringFromClass
NSSelectorFromString
NSStringFromSelector
NSStringFromProtocol
NSProtocolFromString
Logging Output
Managing File Paths
NSFullUserName
NSHomeDirectory
NSHomeDirectoryForUser
NSOpenStepRootDirectory
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains
NSTemporaryDirectory
NSUserName
Managing Ranges
NSEqualRanges
NSIntersectionRange
NSLocationInRange
NSMakeRange
NSMaxRange
NSRangeFromString
NSStringFromRange
NSUnionRange
Uncaught Exception Handlers
Whether there’s an uncaught exception handler function, any uncaught exceptions cause the program to terminate, unless the exception is raised during the posting of a notification.
Core Foundation ARC Integration
Managing Memory
NSAllocateMemoryPages
NSCopyMemoryPages
NSDeallocateMemoryPages
NSLogPageSize
NSPageSize
NSRealMemoryAvailable
NSRoundDownToMultipleOfPageSize
NSRoundUpToMultipleOfPageSize
NSMakeCollectable
Managing Zones
Zones are ignored on iOS and 64-bit runtime on OS X. You should not use zones in current development.