docker1.12中目前有48条命令,这里面有非常简单的version或者info的确认信息用的命令，也有内置的swarm mode的需要有集群环境才能执行的命令。我们在这个系列中将会逐条确认简单的使用方法。
这篇文章中学习一下各种不具有破坏性的查询信息的命令
事前准备
OS
演示用Linux发型版使用CentOS7.2，Linux内核3.10
[root@liumiaocn ~]# uname -a
Linux liumiaocn 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@liumiaocn ~]#Docker版本
| Docker版本 | 1.12.1 |
|---|
| CentOS7上安装Docker1.12.1 | http://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/52130852 |
|---|
11条查询系命令
以下是docker的11条查询命令，我们会在接下来的例子中逐条确认使用方法。
| 项番 | 命令 | 详解 |
|---|---|---|
| No.11 | history | Show the history of an image |
| No.12 | images | List images |
| No.14 | info | Display system-wide information |
| No.15 | inspect | Return low-level information on a container, image or task |
| No.20 | logs | Fetch the logs of a container |
| No.25 | port | List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container |
| No.26 | ps | List containers |
| No.35 | search | Search the Docker Hub for images |
| No.39 | stats | Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics |
| No.43 | top | Display the running processes of a container |
| No.46 | version | Show the Docker version information |
history
history用于确认image的履历信息. 用于刨根问底确认这个images最近都改了什么非常有效
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker history minio/minio
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
8f7b277a8ac3 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/export"] 0 B
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/export] 0 B
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["minio" "serve 0 B
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 9000/tcp 0 B
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache git bash && go 22.19 MB
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:e929bdab8a57250ad4 7.33 MB
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV ALLOW_CONTAINER_ROOT=1 0 B
<missing> 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /go/src/app 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:f6191f2c86edc9343 2.478 kB
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /go 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p "$GOPATH/src" "$GOPATH/bi 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/go/bin:/usr/loca 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOPATH=/go 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -ex && apk add --no-cache --v 278.2 MB
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:b2d7156cdbff1193f 567 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOLANG_SRC_SHA256=6326 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOLANG_SRC_URL=https:/ 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOLANG_VERSION=1.6.3 0 B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache ca-certificates 603.1 kB
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:852e9d0cb9d906535a 4.795 MB
[root@liumiaocn ~]#images
查询当前机器的镜像列表，比如可以看出liumiaocn这台机器上目前只有2个镜像
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
minio/minio latest 8f7b277a8ac3 8 days ago 313.1 MB
74th/redmine-all-in-one latest cbd38a5bb23d 7 months ago 1.515 GB
[root@liumiaocn ~]#info
用于确认当前docker的系统信息，包括
- 容器相关：个数/状态
- Server版本号
- Storage driver及详细信息
- Logging driver格式
- Kernel版本
- OS类型
- 当前机器的硬件信息
…
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker info
Containers: 2
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 2
Images: 49
Server Version: 1.12.1
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-458525-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Base Device Size: 107.4 GB
Backing Filesystem: ext4
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 4.134 GB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 40.53 GB
Metadata Space Used: 5.808 MB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.142 GB
Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 10.74 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Deferred Deletion Enabled: false
Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
WARNING: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2015-10-14)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: null host bridge overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Security Options: seccomp
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 1.939 GiB
Name: liumiaocn
ID: NZWQ:WON7:SYFE:2VY3:RIEM:HIKZ:262D:FPYQ:FQ5O:LATG:GC3D:ZS2P
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
Experimental: true
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
[root@liumiaocn ~]#inspect
用于检查容器或者镜像low-level的jason信息，比如：
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker inspect minio/minio
[
{
"Id": "sha256:8f7b277a8ac363a089ea15df21a580a84efb3dea137a36038205e59325efa427",
"RepoTags": [
"minio/minio:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"minio/minio@sha256:21dc25d1c23ed06a361b6558fd5c2600e411b8fc5d2a01c29f96edac10d62b0d"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2016-09-13T10:29:14.716574798Z",
"Container": "f41f2c8f9a85781c64d8e7366930f61bbfcdde9c861dd80f226049322f840e48",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "fd645bd7790b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"9000/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOLANG_VERSION=1.6.3",
"GOLANG_SRC_URL=https://golang.org/dl/go1.6.3.src.tar.gz",
"GOLANG_SRC_SHA256=6326aeed5f86cf18f16d6dc831405614f855e2d416a91fd3fdc334f772345b00",
"GOPATH=/go",
"ALLOW_CONTAINER_ROOT=1"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/export\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:70c08539954d40592d08fde562fe5cafca6070fce64f316517f3aabbb66cfdb2",
"Volumes": {
"/export": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/go/src/app",
"Entrypoint": [
"minio",
"server"
],
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "1.12.0",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "fd645bd7790b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"9000/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOLANG_VERSION=1.6.3",
"GOLANG_SRC_URL=https://golang.org/dl/go1.6.3.src.tar.gz",
"GOLANG_SRC_SHA256=6326aeed5f86cf18f16d6dc831405614f855e2d416a91fd3fdc334f772345b00",
"GOPATH=/go",
"ALLOW_CONTAINER_ROOT=1"
],
"Cmd": [
"/export"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:70c08539954d40592d08fde562fe5cafca6070fce64f316517f3aabbb66cfdb2",
"Volumes": {
"/export": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/go/src/app",
"Entrypoint": [
"minio",
"server"
],
"OnBuild": [],
"Labels": {}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 313073347,
"VirtualSize": 313073347,
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "devicemapper",
"Data": {
"DeviceId": "61",
"DeviceName": "docker-253:0-458525-a6060fc06804adb71b66288b99dff8c65b18a9048af34482b57a4bb0ea6eef37",
"DeviceSize": "107374182400"
}
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:4fe15f8d0ae69e169824f25f1d4da3015a48feeeeebb265cd2e328e15c6a869f",
"sha256:c51757fa6b1f5b8205a245f92e7a8d2e9bb1e29c843dc3fdfff3008d59696b41",
"sha256:b6f00c09f09f1c086cfe2f559eecff8de90bc35e5a9a17fb859445fba9915fe6",
"sha256:08562565bb8c2e880c16b070d498e033fce7243a460f80f957fb6ee57e3e034c",
"sha256:5e1680a086c141fa4e4ed9411fa2559447052093c8becc420a9a819d8e1dc741",
"sha256:312bad5c05f55337dfce150dc248864744cb297b9c98ba6f944912ec075ab7c4",
"sha256:cebdf3afd643b70adadc7c8ca3a5fb76a86665d98a83df5832947125c01bc1a3",
"sha256:a410cb042a26fc93a1905b94eab38e34f51371435810d5ac1f963c8219cf2361",
"sha256:fc637fd3d245f2ec17dcd1273f155e363a709c3c1ed7bd51ed0b65c2e9157b03",
"sha256:742c6495d40600942ad95ca852280a8827e870159a9d1d3901a4fd7b48323a2f"
]
}
}
]
[root@liumiaocn ~]#logs
查询container的log信息，确认了一下当前正在运行的container，发现没有，全部都exit了，exit后的也可以确认，
这是生产或者测试环境中停止后的docker进行状况确认的常见case。
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7138f83f650 minio/minio "minio server /export" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago kickass_mahavira
770f57c8139c cbd38a5bb23d "/bin/sh -c 'sh /root" 6 months ago Exited (0) 6 months ago grave_curie
[root@liumiaocn ~]#停下的container也可以看到当时出过什么log
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker logs e7138f83f650
Endpoint: http://172.17.0.2:9000 http://127.0.0.1:9000
AccessKey: 5SQH62XUCB09E6NZDSB5
SecretKey: aGDbCYtcVQeObqk1aks6AsdTPekiMnx3Q8KbWKOs
Region: us-east-1
SqsARNs:
Browser Access:
http://172.17.0.2:9000 http://127.0.0.1:9000
Command-line Access: https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
$ mc config host add myminio http://172.17.0.2:9000 5SQH62XUCB09E6NZDSB5 aGDbCYtcVQeObqk1aks6AsdTPekiMnx3Q8KbWKOs
Object API (Amazon S3 compatible):
Go: https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide
Java: https://docs.minio.io/docs/java-client-quickstart-guide
Python: https://docs.minio.io/docs/python-client-quickstart-guide
JavaScript: https://docs.minio.io/docs/javascript-client-quickstart-guide
[root@liumiaocn ~]#port
是为了确认port的mapping状况，需要container在live的状态才能确认到port情况
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7138f83f650 minio/minio "minio server /export" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago kickass_mahavira
770f57c8139c cbd38a5bb23d "/bin/sh -c 'sh /root" 6 months ago Exited (0) 6 months ago grave_curie
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker port e7138f83f650
[root@liumiaocn ~]#在容器e7138f83f650停止的状态下确认port，没有任何信息。然后将该容器启动
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker start e7138f83f650
e7138f83f650
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7138f83f650 minio/minio "minio server /export" 2 hours ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp kickass_mahavira
770f57c8139c cbd38a5bb23d "/bin/sh -c 'sh /root" 6 months ago Exited (0) 6 months ago grave_curie
[root@liumiaocn ~]#对启动后的容器可以确认出相关port的mapping信息
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker port e7138f83f650
9000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:9000
[root@liumiaocn ~]#ps
default的情况是列出活着的container
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7138f83f650 minio/minio "minio server /export" 2 hours ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp kickass_mahavira
[root@liumiaocn ~]#ps -a是列出所有的container的信息,包括停止了的。
search
default的情况下搜索dockerhub上的镜像信息
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker search minio/minio
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
minio/minio Minio is an Amazon S3 compatible object st... 14 [OK]
zenithar/minio-server Minio.io Server in Alpine Linux docker 1 [OK]
minio/doctor Doctor is a Documentation Server for all y... 1 [OK]
mofon/minio-docker minio 1 [OK]
daspanel/minio-fileserver Docker image that provides volumes to be s... 0 [OK]
yoyowallet/minio Minio is an object storage server compatib... 0 [OK]
qnib/minio Docker image holding the minio object stor... 0 [OK]
soxhub/minio Minio is an object storage server compatib... 0 [OK]
noumia/minio Docker minio object storage server 0 [OK]
priordev/minio Minio S3 Storage Server 0 [OK]
insightsoftware/minio This is a docker image with minio installe... 0
webhippie/minio Docker images for minio 0 [OK]
benchflow/minio BenchFlow Minio datastore 0 [OK]
faisyl/minio-fixed Fix for minios official image till they re... 0 [OK]
deisci/minio 0
kmala/minio 0
kemchos/minio 0 [OK]
bigvikinggames/minio Minio Cloud Storage 0
smothiki/minio 0
mattyr/minio Minio is a object storage server written i... 0
aalpern/minio Bleeding edge build of minio/minio 0
pmosbach/minio Minio experiment for IPv4 only hosts 0
sych74/minio 0
jarfil/salt-minion Salt minion only 0 [OK]
deis/minio 0
[root@liumiaocn ~]#stats
获取实时的container的资源用量的统计信息, 会不断自动刷新
#docker stats
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
e7138f83f650 0.00% 19.74 MiB / 1.939 GiB 0.99% 7.613 kB / 4.15 kB 14.09 MB / 0 B 0top
列出容器实际的进程详细信息
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7138f83f650 minio/minio "minio server /export" 2 hours ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp kickass_mahavira
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker top e7138f83f650
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 10482 10467 0 13:54 ? 00:00:00 minio server /export
[root@liumiaocn ~]#
[root@liumiaocn ~]# ps -ef |grep 10482
root 10482 10467 0 13:54 ? 00:00:00 minio server /export
root 11522 3563 0 14:03 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto 10482
[root@liumiaocn ~]#version
确认docker的版本信息
[root@liumiaocn ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.12.1
API version: 1.24
Go version: go1.6.3
Git commit: 23cf638
Built:
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: true
Server:
Version: 1.12.1
API version: 1.24
Go version: go1.6.3
Git commit: 23cf638
Built:
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: true
[root@liumiaocn ~]#