[置顶] iOS中NSBundle的介绍

时间：2022-12-26 12:27:02

bundle是一个目录,其中包含了程序会使用到的资源.这些资源包含了如图像,声音,编译好的代码,nib文件(用户也会把bundle称为plug-in).对应bundle,cocoa提供了类NSBundle.

我们的程序是一个bundle. 在Finder中,一个应用程序看上去和其他文件没有什么区别.但是实际上它是一个包含了nib文件,编译代码,以及其他资源的目录. 我们把这个目录叫做程序的main bundle

bundle中的有些资源可以本地化.例如,对于foo.nib,我们可以有两个版本: 一个针对英语用户,一个针对法语用户.在bundle中就会有两个子目录:English.lproj和French.lproj,我们把各自版本的foo.nib文件放到其中.当程序需要加载foo.nib文件时,bundle会自动根据所设置的语言来加载. 我们会在16章再详细讨论本地化

通过使用下面的方法得到程序的main bundle
NSBundle *myBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];

一般我们通过这种方法来得到bundle.如果你需要其他目录的资源,可以指定路径来取得bundle
NSBundle *goodBundle;
goodBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:@"~/.myApp/Good.bundle"];

一旦我们有了NSBundle 对象,那么就可以访问其中的资源了
// Extension is optional
NSString *path = [goodBundlepathForImageResource:@"Mom"];
NSImage *momPhoto = [[NSImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];

bundle中可以包含一个库. 如果我们从库得到一个class, bundle会连接库,并查找该类:
Class newClass = [goodBundle classNamed:@"Rover"];
id newInstance = [[newClass alloc] init];

如果不知到class名,也可以通过查找主要类来取得
Class aClass = [goodBundle principalClass];
id anInstance = [[aClass alloc] init];

可以看到, NSBundle有很多的用途.在这当中, NSBundle负责(在后台)加载nib文件.我们也可以不通过NSWindowController来加载nib文件, 直接使用NSBundle:
BOOL successful = [NSBundle loadNibNamed:@"About"owner:someObject];
注意噢, 我们指定了一个对象someObject作为nib的File's Owner

使用initWithContentsOfFile时，文件路径的写法使用initWithContentsOfFile方法可以通过读取一个文件的内容来初始化对象。 但文件的路径应该怎么确定呢？可以使用NSBundle的对象来获取。例如当前程序所在目录下有个文件re.xml，我们要将该文件的内容做为NSData的数据源来初始化一个NSData对象，可以用下面的方法来实现：
NSString*filePath = [[NSBundlemainBundle] pathForResouse:@"re"ofType:@"xml"];NSData*data = [[NSDataalloc]initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
读取plist中的内容：
NSString*dataPath = [[NSBundlemainBundle] pathForResource:@"Data"ofType:@"plist"];self.data= [NSArrayarrayWithContentsOfFile:dataPath];
删除本地文件
NSString* thePath=[selfgetUserDocumentDirectoryPath];
NSMutableString* fullPath=[[[NSMutableStringalloc]init]autorelease];
[fullPathappendString:thePath];
NSString* idString=[idArrayobjectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
NSString* coverName=[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"/%@.jpg",idString];
[fullPathappendString:coverName];
NSFileManager*defaultManager;
defaultManager= [NSFileManagerdefaultManager];
-(BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString*)path error:(NSError**)errorBOOL boolValue=[defaultManager removeItemAtPath: fullPatherror:nil];
if(boolValue) {
NSLog(@"remove cover image ok");
}
-(NSString*)getUserDocumentDirectoryPath {
NSArray*array =NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask,YES);
if([arraycount])
return[array objectAtIndex: 0];
elsereturn@"";

}

NSLog(@"输出ios
应用发布后 .app 应用包(文件) 的详细信息。。。。。%@",[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary]);

{
    BuildMachineOSBuild = 15F34;
    CFBundleDevelopmentRegion = "zh_CN";
    CFBundleDisplayName = "\U533b\U8054\U5929\U4e0b";
    CFBundleExecutable = HRShealth;
    CFBundleIcons =     {
        CFBundlePrimaryIcon =         {
            CFBundleIconFiles =             (
                AppIcon29x29,
                AppIcon40x40,
                AppIcon57x57,
                AppIcon60x60
            );
        };
    };
    CFBundleIdentifier = "com.healthmanage.yltx";
    CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion = "6.0";
    CFBundleInfoPlistURL = "Info.plist -- file:///Users/healthmanage/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/8F75D5BA-C298-4C69-9179-5E61C859E7B2/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/B336F6B0-DFBC-4DEB-A271-62D5728BD559/HRShealth.app/";
    CFBundleName = HRShealth;
    CFBundleNumericVersion = 16875520;
    CFBundlePackageType = APPL;
    CFBundleShortVersionString = "1.0.3";
    CFBundleSignature = "????";
    CFBundleSupportedPlatforms =     (
        iPhoneSimulator
    );
    CFBundleURLTypes =     (
                {
            CFBundleTypeRole = Editor;
            CFBundleURLSchemes =             (
                alisdkhrs
            );
        }
    );
    CFBundleVersion = "1.0.1";
    DTCompiler = "com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0";
    DTPlatformBuild = "";
    DTPlatformName = iphonesimulator;
    DTPlatformVersion = "9.3";
    DTSDKBuild = 13E230;
    DTSDKName = "iphonesimulator9.3";
    DTXcode = 0731;
    DTXcodeBuild = 7D1014;
    LSRequiresIPhoneOS = 1;
    MinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
    NSAppTransportSecurity =     {
        NSAllowsArbitraryLoads = 1;
    };
    UIDeviceFamily =     (
        1
    );
    UILaunchImages =     (
                {
            UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
            UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-Portrait-736h";
            UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
            UILaunchImageSize = "{414, 736}";
        },
                {
            UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
            UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-Landscape-736h";
            UILaunchImageOrientation = Landscape;
            UILaunchImageSize = "{414, 736}";
        },
                {
            UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
            UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-667h";
            UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
            UILaunchImageSize = "{375, 667}";
        },
                {
            UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "7.0";
            UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-700";
            UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
            UILaunchImageSize = "{320, 480}";
        },
                {
            UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "7.0";
            UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-700-568h";
            UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
            UILaunchImageSize = "{320, 568}";
        }
    );
    UILaunchStoryboardName = LaunchScreen;
    UIMainStoryboardFile = Main;
    UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities =     (
        armv7
    );
    UIStatusBarStyle = UIStatusBarStyleLightContent;
    UISupportedInterfaceOrientations =     (
        UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait,
        UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft,
        UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight
    );
    UIViewControllerBasedStatusBarAppearance = 0;
}

1.获取app的info.plist详细信息

版本号：Bundle version

 NSString *version = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleVersion"];

应用标识：Bundle identifier

NSString *bundleId = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleIdentifier"];

应用名称：Bundle display name

NSString *appName = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleDisplayName"];

Bundle name

NSString *appName = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleName"];

2.应用程序语言本地化

app本地化宏

#define XLocalizedString(key, comment)        [[NSBundle mainBundle] localizedStringForKey:(key) value:@"" table:nil]

中英文两个Localizable.strings文件中键值对，例如

"none" = "确定";
"none" = "none";

宏的用法：(返回NSString *)

localizedString("none", "这是注释")

3.获取包内文件路径和文件

获取app包路径

NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];

app资源目录路径

NSString *resPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath];

获取资源目录下a.bundle

NSString* path = [resPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"a.bundle"];
NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];

获取app包的readme.txt文件路径

NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"readme" ofType:@"txt"];
 
一旦我们有了bundle，就可以访问其中的资源文件了。
NSString path = [otherBundle pathForImageResource:@"img"];

NSImage img = [[NSImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];

//bundle中可以包含一个库. 如果我们从库得到一个class, bundle会连接库,并查找该类:

Class newClass = [otherBundle classNamed:@"Person"];

id person = [[newClass alloc] init];

//如果不知到class名,也可以通过查找主要类来取得

Class aClass = [otherBundle principalClass];

id classInstance = [[aClass alloc] init];

//可以看到, NSBundle有很多的用途.在这章中, NSBundle负责(在后台)加载nib文件. 我们也可以不通过NSWindowController来加载nib文件, 直接使用NSBundle:

BOOL flag = [NSBundle loadNibNamed:@"ViewController" owner:someObject];

//注意噢, 我们指定了一个对象someObject作为nib的File”s Owner

获取XML文件
NSString *filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResouse:@"re" ofType:@"xml"];
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];

获取属性列表 
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ViewControllers" ofType:@"plist"]];

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