前言：软件缺陷是不可避免的，要尽量减少错误并提高软件质量，主要有两在类技术，即缺陷预防和缺陷检测
缺陷预防包括编写更好的设计规范、实施代码审核制度、运行代码静态分析工具、运行单元测试等
PMD是一种开源分析Java代码的工具，通过静态分析获知代码错误，该工具可以做到检查Java代码中是否含有未使用的变量、是否含有空的抓取块、是否含有不必要的对象等等
因此Jenkins+PMD构建自动化静态代码检测是很有必要的
PMD下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pmd/
下载后解压即可
PMD主要可以通过ant脚本来执行，编写ant的build文件，这里新建的为如buildPMD.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project name="pmd" default="pmd" basedir="."> <property environment="env"> <property name="ExampleProject.location" value="../ExampleProject"> <!-- 定义pmd的classpath，均为下载的pmd包解压后lib目录下的jar包--> <path id="pmd.classpath"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/asm-3.2.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/jaxen-1.1.1.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/junit-4.4.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/pmd-5.0.4.jar"> <!-- <fileset dir="${basedir}/lib/"> <include name="**/*.jar"> --> </include></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></path> <target depends="pmd_html" name="pmd"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- 定义代码检测规则，这里直接列出规则imports.xml和java-unusedcode规则，本例注释了，使用下面一种在另一文件中定义规则集--> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <!-- 定义PMD检测规则所在的文件，规则集在pmdrule.xml文件中定义--> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 输出XML格式的报告--> <formatter type="html" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <!-- 静态代码检测ExampleProject工程下src目录下的所有java文件--> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> <target name="pmd_html"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 输出HTML格式的报告--> <formatter type="xml" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> </project>
本文中定义了两个target，分别生成了XML和HTML格式的报告，因为在Jenkins中的分析插件需要用XML格式才能生成视图报告，而XML格式对于团队来说不直观，不宜发送邮件，因此生成两份报告，一份用于Jenkins分析，一份发送邮件用于团队成员直接查看
编写好buildPMD.xml，直接使用ant -f buildPMD.xml即可在CMD命令或Linux shell下执行PMD静态代码检测
在Jenkins中新建个任务，Build项Add build step中选择“Execute Shell”，输入ant -f buildPMD.xml即可
附：pmdrule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ruleset xmlns="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="pmdrule" xsi:schemalocation="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0 http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset_2_0_0.xsd"> <description>PMD Plugin preferences rule set</description> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAbstractMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAnyMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AbstractNaming"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AccessorClassGeneration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AddEmptyString"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AppendCharacterWithChar"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/sunsecure.xml/ArrayIsStoredDirectly"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AssignmentToNonFinalStatic"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AtLeastOneConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidAccessibilityAlteration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidArrayLoops"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidAssertAsIdentifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/AvoidAxisNavigation"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidBranchingStatementAsLastInLoop"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/AvoidCallingFinalize"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingGenericException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingNPE"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingThrowable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidConstantsInterface"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidDecimalLiteralsInBigDecimalConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidDollarSigns"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidDuplicateLiterals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidEnumAsIdentifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingMethodName"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingTypeName"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidFinalLocalVariable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidInstanceofChecksInCatchClause"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidInstantiatingObjectsInLoops"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidLiteralsInIfCondition"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidLosingExceptionInformation"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidMultipleUnaryOperators"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidPrefixingMethodParameters"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-java.xml/AvoidPrintStackTrace"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidProtectedFieldInFinalClass"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidReassigningParameters"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidRethrowingException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidStringBufferField"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidSynchronizedAtMethodLevel"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidThreadGroup"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidThrowingNewInstanceOfSameException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidThrowingNullPointerException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidThrowingRawExceptionTypes"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AvoidTrailingComma"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidUsingHardCodedIP"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingNativeCode"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidUsingOctalValues"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingShortType"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingVolatile"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/BadComparison"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/javabeans.xml/BeanMembersShouldSerialize"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/BigIntegerInstantiation"> <rule 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ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/DoNotExtendJavaLangError"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/DoNotHardCodeSDCard"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/DoNotThrowExceptionInFinally"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/DoNotUseThreads"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DontCallThreadRun"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/DontImportJavaLang"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/DontImportSun"> <rule ref="rulesets/jsp/basic-jsf.xml/DontNestJsfInJstlIteration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DontUseFloatTypeForLoopIndices"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DoubleCheckedLocking"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/DuplicateImports"> <rule ref="rulesets/jsp/basic.xml/DuplicateJspImports"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyCatchBlock"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/empty.xml/EmptyCatchBlock"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/EmptyFinalizer"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/EmptyFinallyBlock"> <rule 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<rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/UnusedImports"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedLocalVariable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedModifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UnusedNullCheckInEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UnusedNullCheckInEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedPrivateField"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unusedcode.xml/UnusedPrivateMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseArrayListInsteadOfVector"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseArraysAsList"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertEqualsInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertNullInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertSameInsteadOfAssertTrue"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/junit.xml/UseAssertTrueInsteadOfAssertEquals"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseCollectionIsEmpty"> <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/UseConcatOnce"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseConcurrentHashMap"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-jakarta-commons.xml/UseCorrectExceptionLogging"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseEqualsToCompareStrings"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseIndexOfChar"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseNotifyAllInsteadOfNotify"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/UseObjectForClearerAPI"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/UseProperClassLoader"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseSingleton"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseStringBufferForStringAppends"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseStringBufferLength"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseVarargs"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOverridingMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOverridingMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessParentheses"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessParentheses"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UselessStringValueOf"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/VariableNamingConventions"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces">
关于PMD rulesets规则的意思可以查看：http://pmd.sourceforge.net/pmd-5.0.4/rules/index.html