try ...except try代码块放置容易发生异常的语句:except代码块放置处理异常的语句
try ...except...finally finally代码快是任何时候都会执行的;通常用于关闭系统的资源
try:
f = open('db100.txt','r')
try:
a = f.write('aa')
print a
except:
print 'write error'
finally:
f.close()
print 'close file'
except:
print 'open error'
输出:
write error
close file
raise 抛出异常;
def reporterror(x):
if x == None:
raise NameError
print x
try:
reporterror(None)
except NameError:
print 'x == None'
#输出:
x == None
自定义异常:
必须继承于Exception类
类名以Error结尾
自定义异常使用raise语句引发,而且只能通过手工引发:
Python pass 语句
Python pass是空语句,是为了保持程序结构的完整性。
pass 不做任何事情,一般用做占位语句。
class MyError(Exception):
pass
def reporterror(x):
if x == None:
raise MyError()
print x
try:
reporterror(None)
except MyError,error:
print 'x == None'
#输出:
x == None
--------------------------------------
assert:语句用于测试某个条件表达式为真,即认为测的表达式永远为真,如果断言失败,会引发AssertionError异常
str = 'hello'
try:
#x = 10/0
assert len(str) == 3
except AssertionError,x:
print 'assert error',x
输出:
assert error
异常信息:
str = 'hello'
try:
x = 10/0
assert len(str) == 3
except AssertionError,x:
print 'assert error',x
except Exception ,ex:
print ex
输出:
integer division or modulo by zero