在网上搜了很多资料 ,其中周立发的博客对我的学习参考作用最大,谢谢前辈。
这个倒让我花的时间最多了,主要一直脑残的在自己的虚拟机上调试不成功,认为只要开几个终端就可以当作服务器了,这种想法是错误的。因为ip地址会被占用的,所以后来我和同事测试一下,就OK了。
这个广播代码逻辑其实挺有用的,可以用来寻找所在局域网内设备。
逻辑就是:客户端一直发广播,当服务器收到这个广播,则向客户端回个确认,这样客户端收到确认后就知道有所要的服务器了。
直接上代码吧,一个很简单udp 广播通信的例子,分别为服务器端和客户端的代码。
1、服务器代码 (bcast_server.c)
/********************************************************************* * Filename: bcast_server.c * Description: 广播服务器端代码 * Author: Eric(wongpz@foxmail.com) * Date: 2012-9-14 ********************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <linux/in.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define IP_FOUND "IP_FOUND" #define IP_FOUND_ACK "IP_FOUND_ACK" #define PORT 9999 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { int ret = -1; int sock; struct sockaddr_in server_addr; //服务器端地址 struct sockaddr_in from_addr; //客户端地址 int from_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); int count = -1; fd_set readfd; //读文件描述符集合 char buffer[1024]; struct timeval timeout; timeout.tv_sec = 2; timeout.tv_usec = 0; sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //建立数据报套接字 if (sock < 0) { perror("sock error"); return -1; } memset((void*) &server_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY ); server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT); //将地址结构绑定到套接字上 ret = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); if (ret < 0) { perror("bind error"); return -1; } /** * 循环等待客户端 */ while (1) { timeout.tv_sec = 100; timeout.tv_usec = 0; //文件描述符集合清0 FD_ZERO(&readfd); //将套接字描述符加入到文件描述符集合 FD_SET(sock, &readfd); //select侦听是否有数据到来 ret = select(sock + 1, &readfd, NULL, NULL, &timeout); //侦听是否可读 switch (ret) { case -1: //发生错误 perror("select error:"); break; case 0: //超时 printf("select timeout\n"); break; default: if (FD_ISSET(sock,&readfd)) { count = recvfrom(sock, buffer, 1024, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from_addr, &from_len); //接收客户端发送的数据 //from_addr保存客户端的地址结构 if (strstr(buffer, IP_FOUND)) { //响应客户端请求 //打印客户端的IP地址和端口号 printf("\nClient connection information:\n\t IP: %s, Port: %d\n", (char *)inet_ntoa(from_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(from_addr.sin_port)); //将数据发送给客户端 memcpy(buffer, IP_FOUND_ACK, strlen(IP_FOUND_ACK) + 1); count = sendto(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &from_addr, from_len); } } break; } } return 0; }
2、客户端代码(bcast_clinet.c)
/********************************************************************* * Filename: bcast_client.c * Description:广播客户端代码 * Author: Eric(wongpz@foxmail.com) * Date: 2012-9-14 ********************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<string.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<netdb.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <net/if.h> #define IP_FOUND "IP_FOUND" #define IP_FOUND_ACK "IP_FOUND_ACK" #define IFNAME "eth0" #define MCAST_PORT 9999 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { int ret = -1; int sock = -1; int j = -1; int so_broadcast = 1; struct ifreq *ifr; struct ifconf ifc; struct sockaddr_in broadcast_addr; //广播地址 struct sockaddr_in from_addr; //服务端地址 int from_len = sizeof(from_addr); int count = -1; fd_set readfd; //读文件描述符集合 char buffer[1024]; struct timeval timeout; timeout.tv_sec = 2; //超时时间为2秒 timeout.tv_usec = 0; //建立数据报套接字 sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (sock < 0) { perror("create socket failed:"); return -1; } // 获取所有套接字接口 ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buffer); ifc.ifc_buf = buffer; if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *) &ifc) < 0) { perror("ioctl-conf:"); return -1; } ifr = ifc.ifc_req; for (j = ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq); --j >= 0; ifr++) { if (!strcmp(ifr->ifr_name, "eth0")) { if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *) ifr) < 0) { perror("ioctl-get flag failed:"); } break; } } //将使用的网络接口名字复制到ifr.ifr_name中,由于不同的网卡接口的广播地址是不一样的,因此指定网卡接口 //strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, IFNAME, strlen(IFNAME)); //发送命令,获得网络接口的广播地址 if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, ifr) == -1) { perror("ioctl error"); return -1; } //将获得的广播地址复制到broadcast_addr memcpy(&broadcast_addr, (char *)&ifr->ifr_broadaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); //设置广播端口号 printf("\nBroadcast-IP: %s\n", inet_ntoa(broadcast_addr.sin_addr)); broadcast_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; broadcast_addr.sin_port = htons(MCAST_PORT); //默认的套接字描述符sock是不支持广播,必须设置套接字描述符以支持广播 ret = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &so_broadcast, sizeof(so_broadcast)); //发送多次广播,看网络上是否有服务器存在 int times = 10; int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < times; i++) { //一共发送10次广播,每次等待2秒是否有回应 //广播发送服务器地址请求 timeout.tv_sec = 2; //超时时间为2秒 timeout.tv_usec = 0; ret = sendto(sock, IP_FOUND, strlen(IP_FOUND), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &broadcast_addr, sizeof(broadcast_addr)); if (ret < 0) { continue; } //文件描述符清0 FD_ZERO(&readfd); //将套接字文件描述符加入到文件描述符集合中 FD_SET(sock, &readfd); //select侦听是否有数据到来 ret = select(sock + 1, &readfd, NULL, NULL, &timeout); switch (ret) { case -1: break; case 0: perror("select timeout\n"); break; default: //接收到数据 if (FD_ISSET(sock,&readfd)) { count = recvfrom(sock, buffer, 1024, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &from_addr, &from_len); //from_addr为服务器端地址 printf("\trecvmsg is %s\n", buffer); if (strstr(buffer, IP_FOUND_ACK)) { printf("\tfound server IP is %s, Port is %d\n", inet_ntoa(from_addr.sin_addr), htons(from_addr.sin_port)); } return -1; } break; } } return 0; }
最后它的Makefile:
OBJS_SERVER = bcast_server.o OBJS_CLIENT = bcast_client.o LIBS_SERVER = LIBS_CLIENT = CFLAGS = -c CC = gcc PROS = bcast_client bcast_server all: $(PROS) .c.o: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< bcast_client: $(OBJS_CLIENT) $(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LIBS_SERVER) bcast_server: $(OBJS_SERVER) $(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LIBS_CLIENT) clean: rm -rf $(PROS) $(OBJS_CLIENT) $(OBJS_SERVER)
运行效果如图:
linux网络编程源代码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yanyuanfen2011/6595113
如有问题欢迎留言交流!