统计机器学习从理论上终结了机器学习中非线性系统的过拟合和欠拟合问题，贝叶斯算法解决了这类问题。
用于文本分类的具体实现过程如下:
'''
朴素贝叶斯
'''
from numpy import *
def loadDataSet():
postingList=[['my', 'dog', 'has', 'flea', 'problems', 'help', 'please'],
['maybe', 'not', 'take', 'him', 'to', 'dog', 'park', 'stupid'],
['my', 'dalmation', 'is', 'so', 'cute', 'I', 'love', 'him'],
['stop', 'posting', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'garbage'],
['mr', 'licks', 'ate', 'my', 'steak', 'how', 'to', 'stop', 'him'],
['quit', 'buying', 'worthless', 'dog', 'food', 'stupid']]
classVec = [0,1,0,1,0,1] #1 is abusive, 0 not
return postingList,classVec
def createVocabList(dataSet):
vocabSet = set([]) #create empty set
for document in dataSet:
vocabSet = vocabSet | set(document) #union of the two sets
return list(vocabSet)
def setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet):
returnVec = [0]*len(vocabList)
for word in inputSet:
if word in vocabList:
returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] = 1
else: print "the word: %s is not in my Vocabulary!" % word
return returnVec
def trainNB0(trainMatrix,trainCategory):
numTrainDocs = len(trainMatrix)
numWords = len(trainMatrix[0])
pAbusive = sum(trainCategory)/float(numTrainDocs)
p0Num = ones(numWords); p1Num = ones(numWords) #change to ones()
p0Denom = 2.0; p1Denom = 2.0 #change to 2.0
for i in range(numTrainDocs):
if trainCategory[i] == 1:
p1Num += trainMatrix[i]
p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
else:
p0Num += trainMatrix[i]
p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
p1Vect = log(p1Num/p1Denom) #change to log()
p0Vect = log(p0Num/p0Denom) #change to log()
return p0Vect,p1Vect,pAbusive
def classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1):
p1 = sum(vec2Classify * p1Vec) + log(pClass1) #element-wise mult
p0 = sum(vec2Classify * p0Vec) + log(1.0 - pClass1)
if p1 > p0:
return 1
else:
return 0
def bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet):
returnVec = [0]*len(vocabList)
for word in inputSet:
if word in vocabList:
returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] += 1
return returnVec
def testingNB():
listOPosts,listClasses = loadDataSet()
myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts)
trainMat=[]
for postinDoc in listOPosts:
trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postinDoc))
p0V,p1V,pAb = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(listClasses))
testEntry = ['love', 'my', 'dalmation']
thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)
testEntry = ['stupid', 'garbage']
thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)
def textParse(bigString): #input is big string, #output is word list
import re
listOfTokens = re.split(r'\W*', bigString)
return [tok.lower() for tok in listOfTokens if len(tok) > 2]
def spamTest():
docList=[]; classList = []; fullText =[]
for i in range(1,26):
wordList = textParse(open('email/spam/%d.txt' % i).read())
docList.append(wordList)
fullText.extend(wordList)
classList.append(1)
wordList = textParse(open('email/ham/%d.txt' % i).read())
docList.append(wordList)
fullText.extend(wordList)
classList.append(0)
vocabList = createVocabList(docList)#create vocabulary
trainingSet = range(50); testSet=[] #create test set
for i in range(10):
randIndex = int(random.uniform(0,len(trainingSet)))
testSet.append(trainingSet[randIndex])
del(trainingSet[randIndex])
trainMat=[]; trainClasses = []
for docIndex in trainingSet:#train the classifier (get probs) trainNB0
trainMat.append(bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex]))
trainClasses.append(classList[docIndex])
p0V,p1V,pSpam = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(trainClasses))
errorCount = 0
for docIndex in testSet: #classify the remaining items
wordVector = bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex])
if classifyNB(array(wordVector),p0V,p1V,pSpam) != classList[docIndex]:
errorCount += 1
print "classification error",docList[docIndex]
print 'the error rate is: ',float(errorCount)/len(testSet)
#return vocabList,fullText
def calcMostFreq(vocabList,fullText):
import operator
freqDict = {}
for token in vocabList:
freqDict[token]=fullText.count(token)
sortedFreq = sorted(freqDict.iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
return sortedFreq[:30]
def localWords(feed1,feed0):
import feedparser
docList=[]; classList = []; fullText =[]
minLen = min(len(feed1['entries']),len(feed0['entries']))
for i in range(minLen):
wordList = textParse(feed1['entries'][i]['summary'])
docList.append(wordList)
fullText.extend(wordList)
classList.append(1) #NY is class 1
wordList = textParse(feed0['entries'][i]['summary'])
docList.append(wordList)
fullText.extend(wordList)
classList.append(0)
vocabList = createVocabList(docList)#create vocabulary
top30Words = calcMostFreq(vocabList,fullText) #remove top 30 words
for pairW in top30Words:
if pairW[0] in vocabList: vocabList.remove(pairW[0])
trainingSet = range(2*minLen); testSet=[] #create test set
for i in range(20):
randIndex = int(random.uniform(0,len(trainingSet)))
testSet.append(trainingSet[randIndex])
del(trainingSet[randIndex])
trainMat=[]; trainClasses = []
for docIndex in trainingSet:#train the classifier (get probs) trainNB0
trainMat.append(bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex]))
trainClasses.append(classList[docIndex])
p0V,p1V,pSpam = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(trainClasses))
errorCount = 0
for docIndex in testSet: #classify the remaining items
wordVector = bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, docList[docIndex])
if classifyNB(array(wordVector),p0V,p1V,pSpam) != classList[docIndex]:
errorCount += 1
print 'the error rate is: ',float(errorCount)/len(testSet)
return vocabList,p0V,p1V
def getTopWords(ny,sf):
import operator
vocabList,p0V,p1V=localWords(ny,sf)
topNY=[]; topSF=[]
for i in range(len(p0V)):
if p0V[i] > -6.0 : topSF.append((vocabList[i],p0V[i]))
if p1V[i] > -6.0 : topNY.append((vocabList[i],p1V[i]))
sortedSF = sorted(topSF, key=lambda pair: pair[1], reverse=True)
print "SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**SF**"
for item in sortedSF:
print item[0]
sortedNY = sorted(topNY, key=lambda pair: pair[1], reverse=True)
print "NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**NY**"
for item in sortedNY:
print item[0]