多边形选区概述
多边形选区是一种常见的对象选择方式,在一个子图中,单击鼠标左键即构建一个多边形的端点,最后一个端点与第一个端点重合即完成多边形选区,选区即为多个端点构成的多边形。在matplotlib中的多边形选区属于部件(widgets),matplotlib中的部件都是中性(neutral )的,即与具体后端实现无关。
多边形选区具体实现定义为matplotlib.widgets.PolygonSelector类,继承关系为:Widget->AxesWidget->_SelectorWidget->PolygonSelector。
PolygonSelector类的签名为class matplotlib.widgets.PolygonSelector(ax, onselect, useblit=False, lineprops=None, markerprops=None, vertex_select_radius=15)
PolygonSelector类构造函数的参数为:
- ax:多边形选区生效的子图,类型为matplotlib.axes.Axes的实例。
- onselect:多边形选区完成后执行的回调函数,函数签名为def onselect( vertices),vertices数据类型为列表,列表元素格式为(xdata,ydata)元组。
- drawtype:多边形选区的外观,取值范围为{"box", "line", "none"},"box"为多边形框,"line"为多边形选区对角线,"none"无外观,类型为字符串,默认值为"box"。
- lineprops:多边形选区线条的属性,默认值为dict(color='k', linestyle='-', linewidth=2, alpha=0.5)。
- markerprops:多边形选区端点的属性,默认值为dict(marker='o', markersize=7, mec='k', mfc='k', alpha=0.5)。
- vertex_select_radius:多边形端点的选择半径,浮点数,默认值为15,用于端点选择或者多边形闭合。
PolygonSelector类中的state_modifier_keys公有变量 state_modifier_keys定义了操作快捷键,类型为字典。
- “move_all”: 移动已存在的选区,默认为"shift"。
- “clear”:清除现有选区,默认为 "escape",即esc键。
- “move_vertex”:正方形选区,默认为"control"。
PolygonSelector类中的verts特性返回多边形选区中的多有端点,类型为列表,元素为(x,y)元组,即端点的坐标元组。
案例
官方案例,https://matplotlib.org/gallery/widgets/polygon_selector_demo.html
案例说明
单击鼠标左键创建端点,最终点击初始端点闭合多边形,形成多边形选区。选区外的数据元素颜色变淡,选区内数据颜色保持不变。
按esc键取消选区。按shift键鼠标可以移动多边形选区位置,按ctrl键鼠标可以移动多边形选区某个端点的位置。退出程序时,控制台输出选区内数据元素的坐标。
控制台输出:
Selected points:
[[2.0 2.0]
[1.0 3.0]
[2.0 3.0]]
案例代码
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import numpy as np
from matplotlib.widgets import PolygonSelector
from matplotlib.path import Path
class SelectFromCollection:
"""
Select indices from a matplotlib collection using `PolygonSelector`.
Selected indices are saved in the `ind` attribute. This tool fades out the
points that are not part of the selection (i.e., reduces their alpha
values). If your collection has alpha < 1, this tool will permanently
alter the alpha values.
Note that this tool selects collection objects based on their *origins*
(i.e., `offsets`).
Parameters
----------
ax : `~matplotlib.axes.Axes`
Axes to interact with.
collection : `matplotlib.collections.Collection` subclass
Collection you want to select from.
alpha_other : 0 <= float <= 1
To highlight a selection, this tool sets all selected points to an
alpha value of 1 and non-selected points to *alpha_other*.
"""
def __init__( self , ax, collection, alpha_other = 0.3 ):
self .canvas = ax.figure.canvas
self .collection = collection
self .alpha_other = alpha_other
self .xys = collection.get_offsets()
self .Npts = len ( self .xys)
# Ensure that we have separate colors for each object
self .fc = collection.get_facecolors()
if len ( self .fc) = = 0 :
raise ValueError( 'Collection must have a facecolor' )
elif len ( self .fc) = = 1 :
self .fc = np.tile( self .fc, ( self .Npts, 1 ))
self .poly = PolygonSelector(ax, self .onselect)
self .ind = []
def onselect( self , verts):
path = Path(verts)
self .ind = np.nonzero(path.contains_points( self .xys))[ 0 ]
self .fc[:, - 1 ] = self .alpha_other
self .fc[ self .ind, - 1 ] = 1
self .collection.set_facecolors( self .fc)
self .canvas.draw_idle()
def disconnect( self ):
self .poly.disconnect_events()
self .fc[:, - 1 ] = 1
self .collection.set_facecolors( self .fc)
self .canvas.draw_idle()
if __name__ = = '__main__' :
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
grid_size = 5
grid_x = np.tile(np.arange(grid_size), grid_size)
grid_y = np.repeat(np.arange(grid_size), grid_size)
pts = ax.scatter(grid_x, grid_y)
selector = SelectFromCollection(ax, pts)
print ( "Select points in the figure by enclosing them within a polygon." )
print ( "Press the 'esc' key to start a new polygon." )
print ( "Try holding the 'shift' key to move all of the vertices." )
print ( "Try holding the 'ctrl' key to move a single vertex." )
plt.show()
selector.disconnect()
# After figure is closed print the coordinates of the selected points
print ( '\nSelected points:' )
print (selector.xys[selector.ind])
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/mighty13/article/details/113378808