Java基础系列-Collector和Collectors

时间:2023-12-28 18:43:26

原创作品,可以转载,但是请标注出处地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/10748925.html

一、概述

Collector是专门用来作为Stream的collect方法的参数的。

public interface Stream<T> extends BaseStream<T, Stream<T>> {
<R, A> R collect(Collector<? super T, A, R> collector);
}

而Collectors是作为生产具体Collector的工具类。

二、Collector

Collector主要包含五个参数,它的行为也是由这五个参数来定义的,如下所示:

public interface Collector<T, A, R> {
// supplier参数用于生成结果容器,容器类型为A
Supplier<A> supplier();
// accumulator用于消费元素,也就是归纳元素,这里的T就是元素,它会将流中的元素一个一个与结果容器A发生操作
BiConsumer<A, T> accumulator();
// combiner用于两个两个合并并行执行的线程的执行结果,将其合并为一个最终结果A
BinaryOperator<A> combiner();
// finisher用于将之前整合完的结果R转换成为A
Function<A, R> finisher();
// characteristics表示当前Collector的特征值,这是个不可变Set
Set<Characteristics> characteristics();
}

Collector拥有两个of方法用于生成Collector实例,其中一个拥有上面所有五个参数,另一个四个参数,不包括finisher。

public interface Collector<T, A, R> {
// 四参方法,用于生成一个Collector,T代表流中的一个一个元素,R代表最终的结果
public static<T, R> Collector<T, R, R> of(Supplier<R> supplier,
BiConsumer<R, T> accumulator,
BinaryOperator<R> combiner,
Characteristics... characteristics) {/*...*/}
// 五参方法,用于生成一个Collector,T代表流中的一个一个元素,A代表中间结果,R代表最终结果,finisher用于将A转换为R
public static<T, A, R> Collector<T, A, R> of(Supplier<A> supplier,
BiConsumer<A, T> accumulator,
BinaryOperator<A> combiner,
Function<A, R> finisher,
Characteristics... characteristics) {/*...*/}
}

Characteristics:这个特征值是一个枚举,拥有三个值:CONCURRENT(多线程并行),UNORDERED(无序),IDENTITY_FINISH(无需转换结果)。其中四参of方法中没有finisher参数,所有必有IDENTITY_FINISH特征值。

三、Collectors

Collectors是一个工具类,是JDK预实现Collector的工具类,它内部提供了多种Collector,我们可以直接拿来使用,非常方便。

5.6.1 toCollection

将流中的元素全部放置到一个集合中返回,这里使用Collection,泛指多种集合。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void toCollectionTest(List<String> list) {
List<String> ll = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
toCollectionTest(list);
}
}

5.6.2 toList

将流中的元素放置到一个列表集合中去。这个列表默认为ArrayList。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void toListTest(List<String> list) {
List<String> ll = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
toListTest(list);
}
}

5.6.3 toSet

将流中的元素放置到一个无序集set中去。默认为HashSet。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void toSetTest(List<String> list) {
Set<String> ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
toSetTest(list);
}
}

5.6.4 joining

joining的目的是将流中的元素全部以字符序列的方式连接到一起,可以指定连接符,甚至是结果的前后缀。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void joiningTest(List<String> list){
// 无参方法
String s = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining());
System.out.println(s);
// 指定连接符
String ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
System.out.println(ss);
// 指定连接符和前后缀
String sss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-","S","E"));
System.out.println(sss);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
joiningTest(list);
}
}

执行结果:

1234567891101212121121asdaa3e3e3e2321eew
123-456-789-1101-212121121-asdaa-3e3e3e-2321eew
S123-456-789-1101-212121121-asdaa-3e3e3e-2321eewE

StringJoiner:这是一个字符串连接器,可以定义连接符和前后缀,正好适用于实现第三种joining方法。

5.6.5 mapping

这个映射是首先对流中的每个元素进行映射,即类型转换,然后再将新元素以给定的Collector进行归纳。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void mapingTest(List<String> list){
List<Integer> ll = list.stream().limit(5).collect(Collectors.mapping(Integer::valueOf,Collectors.toList()));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
mapingTest(list);
}
}

实例中截取字符串列表的前5个元素,将其分别转换为Integer类型,然后放到一个List中返回。

5.6.6 collectingAndThen

该方法是在归纳动作结束之后,对归纳的结果进行再处理。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void collectingAndThenTest(List<String> list){
int length = list.stream().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(),e -> e.size()));
System.out.println(length);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
collectingAndThenTest(list);
}
}

执行结果为:

8

5.6.7 counting

该方法用于计数。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void countingTest(List<String> list){
long size = list.stream().collect(Collectors.counting());
System.out.println(size);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
countingTest(list);
}
}

结果:

8

5.6.8 minBy/maxBy

生成一个用于获取最小/最大值的Optional结果的Collector。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void maxByAndMinByTest(List<String> list){
System.out.println(list.stream().collect(Collectors.maxBy((a,b) -> a.length()-b.length())));
System.out.println(list.stream().collect(Collectors.minBy((a,b) -> a.length()-b.length())));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
maxByAndMinByTest(list);
}
}

执行结果为:

Optional[212121121]
Optional[123]

5.6.9 summingInt/summingLong/summingDouble

生成一个用于求元素和的Collector,首先通过给定的mapper将元素转换类型,然后再求和。

参数的作用就是将元素转换为指定的类型,最后结果与转换后类型一致。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void summingTest(List<String> list){
int i = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingInt(Integer::valueOf));
long l = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingLong(Long::valueOf));
double d = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summingDouble(Double::valueOf));
System.out.println(i +"\n" +l + "\n" + d);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
summingTest(list);
}
}

执行结果为:

1368
1368
1368.0

5.6.10 averagingInt/averagingLong/averagingDouble

生成一个用于求元素平均值的Collector,首选通过参数将元素转换为指定的类型。

参数的作用就是将元素转换为指定的类型,求平均值涉及到除法操作,结果一律为Double类型。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void averagingTest(List<String> list){
double i = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingInt(Integer::valueOf));
double l = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingLong(Long::valueOf));
double d = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Double::valueOf));
System.out.println(i +"\n" +l + "\n" + d);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
averagingTest(list);
}
}

执行结果为:

456.0
456.0
456.0

5.6.11 reducing

reducing方法有三个重载方法,其实是和Stream里的三个reduce方法对应的,二者是可以替换使用的,作用完全一致,也是对流中的元素做统计归纳作用。

public final class Collectors {
// 无初始值的情况,返回一个可以生成Optional结果的Collector
public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> reducing(BinaryOperator<T> op) {/*...*/}
// 有初始值的情况,返回一个可以直接产生结果的Collector
public static <T> Collector<T, ?, T> reducing(T identity, BinaryOperator<T> op) {/*...*/}
// 有初始值,还有针对元素的处理方案mapper,生成一个可以直接产生结果的Collector,元素在执行结果操作op之前需要先执行mapper进行元素转换操作
public static <T, U> Collector<T, ?, U> reducing(U identity,
Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper,
BinaryOperator<U> op) {/*...*/}
}

实例:

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void reducingTest(List<String> list){
System.out.println(list.stream().limit(4).map(String::length).collect(Collectors.reducing(Integer::sum)));
System.out.println(list.stream().limit(3).map(String::length).collect(Collectors.reducing(0, Integer::sum)));
System.out.println(list.stream().limit(4).collect(Collectors.reducing(0,String::length,Integer::sum)));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
reducingTest(list);
}
}
Optional[13]
9
13

效果可参见Java基础系列-Stream

5.6.12 groupingBy

这个方法是用于生成一个拥有分组功能的Collector,它也有三个重载方法:

public final class Collectors {
// 只需一个分组参数classifier,内部自动将结果保存到一个map中,每个map的键为?类型(即classifier的结果类型),值为一个list,这个list中保存在属于这个组的元素。
public static <T, K> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, List<T>>> groupingBy(
Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier) {/*...*/}
// 在上面方法的基础上增加了对流中元素的处理方式的Collector,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是Collectors.toList()
public static <T, K, A, D>Collector<T, ?, Map<K, D>> groupingBy(
Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier,Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
// 在第二个方法的基础上再添加了结果Map的生成方法。
public static <T, K, D, A, M extends Map<K, D>>
Collector<T, ?, M> groupingBy(Function<? super T, ? extends K> classifier,
Supplier<M> mapFactory,
Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
}

实例:

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void groupingByTest(List<String> list){
Map<Integer,List<String>> s = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length));
Map<Integer,List<String>> ss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length, Collectors.toList()));
Map<Integer,Set<String>> sss = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(String::length,HashMap::new,Collectors.toSet()));
System.out.println(s.toString() + "\n" + ss.toString() + "\n" + sss.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
groupingByTest(list);
}
}

执行结果为:

{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}
{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}
{3=[123, 456, 789], 4=[1101], 5=[asdaa], 6=[3e3e3e], 7=[2321eew], 9=[212121121]}

groupingBy方法还有并发版的groupingByConcurrent,功能基本一致,只是返回的Collector是并行的。

5.6.13 partitioningBy

该方法将流中的元素按照给定的校验规则的结果分为两个部分,放到一个map中返回,map的键是Boolean类型,值为元素的列表List。

该方法有两个重载方法:

public final class Collectors {
// 只需一个校验参数predicate
public static <T>
Collector<T, ?, Map<Boolean, List<T>>> partitioningBy(Predicate<? super T> predicate) {/*...*/}
// 在上面方法的基础上增加了对流中元素的处理方式的Collector,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是Collectors.toList()
public static <T, D, A>
Collector<T, ?, Map<Boolean, D>> partitioningBy(Predicate<? super T> predicate,
Collector<? super T, A, D> downstream) {/*...*/}
}

实例:

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void partitioningByTest(List<String> list){
Map<Boolean,List<String>> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length()>5));
Map<Boolean,Set<String>> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(e -> e.length()>6,Collectors.toSet()));
System.out.println(map.toString() + "\n" + map2.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
partitioningByTest(list);
}
}

执行结果:

{false=[123, 456, 789, 1101, asdaa], true=[212121121, 3e3e3e, 2321eew]}
{false=[123, 456, 1101, 789, 3e3e3e, asdaa], true=[212121121, 2321eew]}

5.6.14 toMap

toMap方法是根据给定的键生成器和值生成器生成的键和值保存到一个map中返回,键和值的生成都依赖于元素,可以指定出现重复键时的处理方案和保存结果的map。

public final class Collectors {
// 指定键和值的生成方式keyMapper和valueMapper
public static <T, K, U>
Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {/*...*/}
// 在上面方法的基础上增加了对键发生重复时处理方式的mergeFunction,比如上面的默认的处理方法就是抛出异常
public static <T, K, U>
Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {/*...*/}
// 在第二个方法的基础上再添加了结果Map的生成方法。
public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>>
Collector<T, ?, M> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction,
Supplier<M> mapSupplier) {/*...*/}
}

实例:

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void toMapTest(List<String> list){
Map<String,String> map = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e -> e));
Map<String,String> map1 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e->e,(a,b)-> b));
Map<String,String> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.substring(0,1),e->e,(a,b)-> b,HashMap::new));
System.out.println(map.toString() + "\n" + map1.toString() + "\n" + map2.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
toMapTest(list);
}
}

执行结果:

{1=123, 4=456, 7=789}
{a=asdaa, 1=1101, 2=2321eew, 3=3e3e3e, 4=456, 7=789}
{a=asdaa, 1=1101, 2=2321eew, 3=3e3e3e, 4=456, 7=789}

第一种方式中,如果不添加limit限制,就会抛出异常。

还有并发的版本:toConcurrentMap,同样三种重载方法,与toMap基本一致,只是它最后使用的map是并发Map:ConcurrentHashMap。

5.6.15 summarizingInt/summarizingLong/summarizingDouble

这三个方法适用于汇总的,返回值分别是IntSummaryStatistics,LongSummaryStatistics,DoubleSummaryStatistics。

在这些返回值中包含有流中元素的指定结果的数量、和、最大值、最小值、平均值。所有仅仅针对数值结果。

public class CollectorsTest {
public static void summarizingTest(List<String> list){
IntSummaryStatistics intSummary = list.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingInt(String::length));
LongSummaryStatistics longSummary = list.stream().limit(4).collect(Collectors.summarizingLong(Long::valueOf));
DoubleSummaryStatistics doubleSummary = list.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Double::valueOf));
System.out.println(intSummary.toString() + "\n" + longSummary.toString() + "\n" + doubleSummary.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("123","456","789","1101","212121121","asdaa","3e3e3e","2321eew");
summarizingTest(list);
}
}

执行结果:

IntSummaryStatistics{count=8, sum=40, min=3, average=5.000000, max=9}
LongSummaryStatistics{count=4, sum=2469, min=123, average=617.250000, max=1101}
DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=1368.000000, min=123.000000, average=456.000000, max=789.000000}

最后我们可以从返回的汇总实例中获取到想要的汇总结果。

四、总结

整个Collectors工具类就是在为Collector服务,用于创建各种不同的Collector。部分功能与Stream中的方法重合了,为了简化代码,完全不必采用Collectors实现,优先Stream方法。

参考: