一、代码例子
此节开始涉及到一个bean具体生成和保存的过程，仅仅涉及到最简单的bean，代码依旧是最简单的
public static void main(String[] args) { DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFacory=new DefaultListableBeanFactory(); XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader=new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFacory); reader.loadBeanDefinitions(new ClassPathResource("bean.xml")); Person person=(Person)beanFacory.getBean("person"); person.sayHello(); }
二、源码解析
1、通过调用getBean(String name)来进入bean的获取
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException { return doGetBean(name, null, null, false); }
2、经历一些列重载后，进入doGetBean，先转化beanName，如果以&开头，去掉开头，此处预留了一个factoryBean的特殊bean，到singletonObjects中获取bean，此处使用缓存，判断是否bean正在创建，控制重复创建bean，保证单例模式
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name); Object bean; // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons. Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName); if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference"); } else { logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'"); } } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null); }
3、调用markBeanAsCreated(beanName)，判断alreadyCreated，从mergedBeanDefinitions中移除bean
4、调用getMergedLocalBeanDefinition，并调用
protected RootBeanDefinition getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws BeansException { // Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking. RootBeanDefinition mbd = this.mergedBeanDefinitions.get(beanName); if (mbd != null) { return mbd; } return getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName, getBeanDefinition(beanName)); }
5、调用AbstractBeanFactory的getMergedBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition bd, BeanDefinition containingBd)方法，此处会判断是否有parentBean，如果有的话，会根据parentBeanName再次调用getMergedBeanDefinition方法，我们猜测所有的bean生产都在此方法中生产的话，这里是一次递归调用，也就是要生产bean，先生成他的父bean的BeanDefinition，注意，此处如果beanName和parentBeanName相同，会判断在DefaultListableBeanFactory时候设定的ParentBeanFactory是否ConfigurableBeanFactory的实例，如果是，采用它来生产父bean的配置，产生后将子bean的BeanDefinition通过overwriteForm到父bean，也就是覆盖了父bean相同的配置
// Child bean definition: needs to be merged with parent. BeanDefinition pbd; try { String parentBeanName = transformedBeanName(bd.getParentName()); if (!beanName.equals(parentBeanName)) {
//递归调用，生成parent的BeanDefinition pbd = getMergedBeanDefinition(parentBeanName); } else {
//如果是ConfigurableBeanFactory,有单独的生成方法，需要有ParentBeanFactory来生成 if (getParentBeanFactory() instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) { pbd = ((ConfigurableBeanFactory) getParentBeanFactory()).getMergedBeanDefinition(parentBeanName); } else { throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(bd.getParentName(), "Parent name '" + bd.getParentName() + "' is equal to bean name '" + beanName + "': cannot be resolved without an AbstractBeanFactory parent"); } } } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Could not resolve parent bean definition '" + bd.getParentName() + "'", ex); } // Deep copy with overridden values. mbd = new RootBeanDefinition(pbd);
//子bean的配置覆盖父bean mbd.overrideFrom(bd);
6、如果自身没有设定scope，设置默认单例模式，如果containingBd有scope，则设置为它的，scope，将BeanDefinition放入mergedBeanDefinitions
7、检查bean是否为抽象，如果有抽象，直接报错，此处可以知道抽象bean不能被直接获取，那么在定义bean的时候设置abstract="true"的意义，我们结合第5步可以猜测：抽象bean的定义可以作为普通bean的parentBean来进行使用，他可以提供多个子bean的通用配置
protected void checkMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition mbd, String beanName, Object[] args) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { if (mbd.isAbstract()) { throw new BeanIsAbstractException(beanName); } }
8、判断是否有dependsOn,如果有判断他是否已经被实例化，如果还没有被实例化直接报错。因为如果一个bean依赖于其他bean，我们通常会使用ref标签进行注入，但是当其他bean和此bean并没有强依赖关系，只是提供一些初始化参数设定之类的话，我们在bean中看不到引用，但仍有强先后关系，那么可以使用depend-on进行配置
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn(); if (dependsOn != null) { for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) { if (isDependent(beanName, dependsOnBean)) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dependsOnBean + "'"); } registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName); getBean(dependsOnBean); } }
9、此处处理scope的设置，主要有三种：
a)单例模式，有一个getSingleton方法，如果之前已经创建，直接返回
b)prototype模式，每次都创建一个新的bean
c)自定义的scope，这个可以通过register进行注入，此处暂不考虑
同时，我们可以看到不同模式中在bean的创建前后可以添加一些参数设置和接口
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {//单例模式，会比prototype多一个getSingleton方法 sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution. // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean. destroySingleton(beanName); throw ex; } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else if (mbd.isPrototype()) { // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
//原型模式，直接创建新的bean
Object prototypeInstance = null; try {
//创建之前处理 beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally {
//创建之后处理 afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else {
//自定义的scope，可以从scope中根据beanName获得他的构建方法，此处暂不深究 String scopeName = mbd.getScope(); final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName); if (scope == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'"); } try { Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally { afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " + "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton", ex); } }
10、因为是singleton模式，我们直接进入getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory)方法，进行参数检查后，调用回调函数
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(beanName, "'beanName' must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
//再次判断是否在缓存中存在，做多次检查 Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null) {
//判断是否正在创建 if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) { throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName, "Singleton bean creation not allowed while the singletons of this factory are in destruction " + "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)"); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'"); } beforeSingletonCreation(beanName); boolean newSingleton = false; boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null); if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<Exception>(); } try {
//使用回调函数， singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); newSingleton = true; } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { // Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime -> // if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state. singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null) { throw ex; } } catch (BeanCreationException ex) { if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) { ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException); } } throw ex; } finally { if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { this.suppressedExceptions = null; } afterSingletonCreation(beanName); } if (newSingleton) { addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject); } } return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null); } }
11、进入AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的createBean方法，获取beanClass，prepareMethodOverrides
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName); if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) { mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd); mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass); } // Prepare method overrides. try { mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides(); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex); }
12、进入resolveBeforeInstantiation方法，，如另外一篇文章中的分析，此处为另一个接口InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor，如果bean继承了此接口，会做一些预处理
protected Object resolveBeforeInstantiation(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { Object bean = null; if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) { // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point. if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) { Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd); if (targetType != null) { bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName); if (bean != null) { bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName); } } } mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != null); } return bean; }
13、调用doCreateBean方法，先从缓存中移除bean，然后调用doCreateBean方法，再调用createBeanInstance方法
14、获取beanClass，判断是否为public，判断factoryMethodName是否为空（应该是对应factoryBean，待确认），经过各种检查，最后采用最简单的无参数构造器进行构建
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) { // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point. Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName); if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName()); } if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) { return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args); } // Shortcut when re-creating the same bean... boolean resolved = false; boolean autowireNecessary = false; if (args == null) { synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) { if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) { resolved = true; autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved; } } } if (resolved) { if (autowireNecessary) { return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null); } else { return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd); } } // Need to determine the constructor...有参数构造器 Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName); if (ctors != null || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR || mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) { return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args); } // No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor. return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd); }
15、进入instantiateBean中，获取CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy-cglib策略，，如果没有getMethodOverrides，则直接获得无参数构造器
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, String beanName, BeanFactory owner) { // Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides. if (bd.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) { Constructor<?> constructorToUse; synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) { constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod; if (constructorToUse == null) { final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass(); if (clazz.isInterface()) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface"); } try { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>() { @Override public Constructor<?> run() throws Exception { return clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null); } }); } else { constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null); } bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex); } } }
//入口 return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse); } else { // Must generate CGLIB subclass. return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner); } }
16、通过反射，获取class的实例
17、注册客户化解析器
BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance); initBeanWrapper(bw);
18、获取bean，设置psotProcessed为true，并添加到缓存
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName); } if (instanceWrapper == null) { instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); } final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null); Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null); // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition. synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) { if (!mbd.postProcessed) { applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName); mbd.postProcessed = true; } }
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } } }
19、调用populateBean，开始赋值
Object exposedObject = bean; try { populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); if (exposedObject != null) { exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); } }
20、调用applyPropertyValues，解析参数种类为字符，对象或者数组的话，直接赋值，如果为其他，需要继续处理
protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) { if (pvs == null || pvs.isEmpty()) { return; } MutablePropertyValues mpvs = null; List<PropertyValue> original; if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { if (bw instanceof BeanWrapperImpl) { ((BeanWrapperImpl) bw).setSecurityContext(getAccessControlContext()); } } if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) { mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs; if (mpvs.isConverted()) { // Shortcut: use the pre-converted values as-is. try { bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs); return; } catch (BeansException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException( mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex); } } original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList(); } else { original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues()); } TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter(); if (converter == null) { converter = bw; } BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter); // Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values. List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<PropertyValue>(original.size()); boolean resolveNecessary = false; for (PropertyValue pv : original) { if (pv.isConverted()) { deepCopy.add(pv); } else { String propertyName = pv.getName(); Object originalValue = pv.getValue(); Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue); Object convertedValue = resolvedValue; boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName) && !PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName); if (convertible) { convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw, converter); } // Possibly store converted value in merged bean definition, // in order to avoid re-conversion for every created bean instance. if (resolvedValue == originalValue) { if (convertible) { pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue); } deepCopy.add(pv); } else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue && !((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic() && !(convertedValue instanceof Collection || ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) { pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue); deepCopy.add(pv); } else { resolveNecessary = true; deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue)); } } } if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) { mpvs.setConverted(); } // Set our (possibly massaged) deep copy. try { bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy)); } catch (BeansException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException( mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex); } }
21、调用initializeBean,
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() { @Override public Object run() { invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean); return null; } }, getAccessControlContext()); } else { invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean); } Object wrappedBean = bean; if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
//调用bean的预处理 wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); } try {
//调用init-method或者接口继承 invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException( (mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null), beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex); } if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
//调用bean的后处理 wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); } return wrappedBean; }
22/
protected void registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(String beanName, Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { AccessControlContext acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null ? getAccessControlContext() : null); if (!mbd.isPrototype() && requiresDestruction(bean, mbd)) { if (mbd.isSingleton()) { // Register a DisposableBean implementation that performs all destruction // work for the given bean: DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors, // DisposableBean interface, custom destroy method. registerDisposableBean(beanName, new DisposableBeanAdapter(bean, beanName, mbd, getBeanPostProcessors(), acc)); } else { // A bean with a custom scope... Scope scope = this.scopes.get(mbd.getScope()); if (scope == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + mbd.getScope() + "'"); } scope.registerDestructionCallback(beanName, new DisposableBeanAdapter(bean, beanName, mbd, getBeanPostProcessors(), acc)); } } }
23、移除正在创建的状态
protected void afterSingletonCreation(String beanName) { if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Singleton '" + beanName + "' isn't currently in creation"); } }
24、单例模式需要再次添加到缓存
protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, (singletonObject != null ? singletonObject : NULL_OBJECT)); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } }
25、检查beanName是否为&开通并且继承FactoryBean，表示是一个工厂bean，如果不是，直接返回，如果是从getCachedObjectForFactoryBean中获取
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance( Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { // Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory. if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) { throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass()); } // Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean. // If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the // caller actually wants a reference to the factory. if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) { return beanInstance; } Object object = null; if (mbd == null) { object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName); } if (object == null) { // Return bean instance from factory. FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance; // Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton. if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName); } boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic()); object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic); } return object; }
26、根据工厂bean，获取真实的bean，此处结合第二步我们可以看到：
spring提供了一种特殊的bean，他继承接口FactoryBean，它无法使用getBean（beanName）获取实例，必须使用getBean(&beanName)获取，
spring在处理完成后，首先获得FactoryBean的实例，然后使用实例中的getObject()来获取真正的bean
protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean<?> factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) { if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) { synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) { Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName); if (object == null) { object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName); // Only post-process and store if not put there already during getObject() call above // (e.g. because of circular reference processing triggered by custom getBean calls) Object alreadyThere = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName); if (alreadyThere != null) { object = alreadyThere; } else { if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) { try { object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed", ex); } } this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, (object != null ? object : NULL_OBJECT)); } } return (object != NULL_OBJECT ? object : null); } } else { Object object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName); if (object != null && shouldPostProcess) { try { object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of FactoryBean's object failed", ex); } } return object; } }
到此之后，一路返回，我们就可以获得到希望的bean
三、总结
1、最简单的spring的bean生成流程基本按照我们之前预想的那样，从容器中获取BeanDefinition，然后根据class生成对象，并且注入参数
2、spring的bean的产生过程非常的复杂，因为他根据客户配置不同，预留了很多变化，如单例的生成一次进行缓存，原型的每次生成，预留了自定义的scope等
3、对bean的生成前后，spring均预留了一些接口，可以对bean进行额外的参数注入和设置
4、FactoryBean的出现，我们bean配置的class并不一定是最终生成的bean的class，需要额外处理
5、整个过程采用了各种缓存和多次检查防止重复