一个系统中通常会存在如下一些以properties形式存在的配置文件
1.数据库配置文件demo-db.properties:
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database.url=jdbc:mysql: //localhost/smaple
database.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.driver
database.user=root
database.password= 123
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2.消息服务配置文件demo-mq.properties:
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#congfig of activemq
mq.java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.activemqinitialcontextfactory
mq.java.naming.provider.url=failover:(tcp: //localhost:61616?sotimeout=30000&connectiontimeout=30000)?jms.useasyncsend=true&timeout=30000
mq.java.naming.security.principal=
mq.java.naming.security.credentials=
jms.mailnotifyqueue.consumer= 5
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3.远程调用的配置文件demo-remote.properties:
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remote.ip=localhost
remote.port= 16800
remote.servicename=test
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一、系统中需要加载多个properties配置文件
应用场景:properties配置文件不止一个,需要在系统启动时同时加载多个properties文件。
配置方式:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xsi:schemalocation="
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 将多个配置文件读取到容器中,交给spring管理 -->
<bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" >
<property name= "locations" >
<list>
<!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式:classpath和file -->
<value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
<!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入,这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 使用mq中的配置 -->
<bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" >
<property name= "environment" >
<props>
<prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
<prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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我们也可以将配置中的list抽取出来:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xsi:schemalocation="
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 将多个配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
<bean id= "propertyresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" >
<constructor-arg>
<list>
<!-- 这里支持多种寻址方式:classpath和file -->
<value>classpath:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
<!-- 推荐使用file的方式引入,这样可以将配置和代码分离 -->
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 将配置文件读取到容器中,交给spring管理 -->
<bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" >
<property name= "locations" ref= "propertyresources" />
</bean>
<!-- 使用mq中的配置 -->
<bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" >
<property name= "environment" >
<props>
<prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
<prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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二、整合多工程下的多个分散的properties
应用场景:工程组中有多个配置文件,但是这些配置文件在多个地方使用,所以需要分别加载。
配置如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:p= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemalocation="
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 将db属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
<bean id= "dbresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" >
<constructor-arg>
<list>
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-db.properties</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 将mq属性配置文件位置放到列表中 -->
<bean id= "mqresources" class = "java.util.arraylist" >
<constructor-arg>
<list>
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-mq.properties</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 用spring加载和管理db属性配置文件 -->
<bean id= "dbpropertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" >
<property name= "order" value= "1" />
<property name= "ignoreunresolvableplaceholders" value= "true" />
<property name= "locations" ref= "dbresources" />
</bean>
<!-- 用spring加载和管理mq属性配置文件 -->
<bean id= "mqpropertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertyplaceholderconfigurer" >
<property name= "order" value= "2" />
<property name= "ignoreunresolvableplaceholders" value= "true" />
<property name= "locations" ref= "mqresources" />
</bean>
<!-- 使用db中的配置属性 -->
<bean id= "rmsdatasource" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.basicdatasource" destroy-method= "close"
p:driverclassname= "${demo.db.driver}" p:url= "${demo.db.url}" p:username= "${demo.db.username}"
p:password= "${demo.db.password}" pp:maxactive= "${demo.db.maxactive}" p:maxwait= "${demo.db.maxwait}"
p:poolpreparedstatements= "true" p:defaultautocommit= "false" >
</bean>
<!-- 使用mq中的配置 -->
<bean id= "mqjnditemplate" class = "org.springframework.jndi.jnditemplate" >
<property name= "environment" >
<props>
<prop key= "java.naming.factory.initial" >${mq.java.naming.factory.initial}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.provider.url" >${mq.java.naming.provider.url}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.principal" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "java.naming.security.credentials" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
<prop key= "username" >${mq.java.naming.security.principal}</prop>
<prop key= "password" >${mq.java.naming.security.credentials}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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注意:其中order属性代表其加载顺序,而ignoreunresolvableplaceholders为是否忽略不可解析的 placeholder,如配置了多个propertyplaceholderconfigurer,则需设置为true。这里一定需要按照这种方式设置这两个参数。
三、bean中直接注入properties配置文件中的值
应用场景:bean中需要直接注入properties配置文件中的值 。例如下面的代码中需要获取上述demo-remote.properties中的值:
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public class client() {
private string ip;
private string port;
private string service;
}
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配置如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "<a href=" http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a>"
xmlns:xsi= "<a href=" http: //www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance</a>"
xmlns:util= "<a href=" http: //www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a>"
xsi:schemalocation="
<a href= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" rel= "external nofollow" rel= "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans</a> <a href= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" rel= "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans- 3.0 .xsd</a>
<a href= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" rel= "external nofollow" rel= "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a> <a href= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd" rel= "external nofollow" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util- 3.0 .xsd</a>">
<!-- 这种加载方式可以在代码中通过 @value 注解进行注入,
可以将配置整体赋给properties类型的类变量,也可以取出其中的一项赋值给string类型的类变量 -->
<!-- <util:properties/> 标签只能加载一个文件,当多个属性文件需要被加载的时候,可以使用多个该标签 -->
<util:properties id= "remotesettings" location= "file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties" />
<!-- <util:properties/> 标签的实现类是propertiesfactorybean,
直接使用该类的bean配置,设置其locations属性可以达到一个和上面一样加载多个配置文件的目的 -->
<bean id= "settings"
class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" >
<property name= "locations" >
<list>
<value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-mq.properties</value>
<value>file:/opt/rms/config/rms-env.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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client类中使用annotation如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
public class client() {
@value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.ip']}" )
private string ip;
@value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.port']}" )
private string port;
@value ( "#{remotesettings['remote.servicename']}" )
private string service;
}
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四、bean中存在properties类型的类变量
应用场景:当bean中存在properties类型的类变量需要以注入的方式初始化
1. 配置方式:我们可以用(三)中的配置方式,只是代码中注解修改如下
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
public class client() {
@value ( "#{remotesettings}" )
private properties remotesettings;
}
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2. 配置方式:也可以使用xml中声明bean并且注入
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xsi:schemalocation="
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 可以使用如下的方式声明properties类型的factorybean来加载配置文件,这种方式就只能当做properties属性注入,而不能获其中具体的值 -->
<bean id= "remoteconfigs" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" >
<property name= "locations" >
<list>
<value>file:/opt/demo/config/demo-remote.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 远端调用客户端类 -->
<bean id= "client" class = "com.demo.remote.client" >
<property name= "properties" ref= "remoteconfigs" />
</bean>
</beans>
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代码如下:
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
public class client() {
//@autowired也可以使用
private properties remotesettings;
//getter setter
}
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上述的各个场景在项目群中特别有用,需要灵活的使用上述各种配置方式。
在很多情况下我们需要在配置文件中配置一些属性,然后注入到bean中,spring提供了org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer
类,可以方便我们使用注解直接注入properties文件中的配置。
下面我们看下具体如何操作:
首先要新建maven项目,并在pom文件中添加spring依赖,如下pom.xml文件:
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<project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xsi:schemalocation= "http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
<modelversion> 4.0 . 0 </modelversion>
<groupid>cn.outofmemory</groupid>
<artifactid>hellospring.properties.annotation</artifactid>
<version> 0.0 . 1 -snapshot</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hellospring.properties.annotation</name>
<url>http: //maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceencoding>utf- 8 </project.build.sourceencoding>
<org.springframework-version> 3.0 . 0 .rc2</org.springframework-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupid>junit</groupid>
<artifactid>junit</artifactid>
<version> 3.8 . 1 </version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-context</artifactid>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
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要自动注入properties文件中的配置,需要在spring配置文件中添加org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean
和org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer
的实例配置:
如下spring配置文件appcontext.xml
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemalocation="http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/context
http: //www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- bean annotation driven -->
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base- package = "cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation" >
</context:component-scan>
<bean id= "configproperties" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.propertiesfactorybean" >
<property name= "locations" >
<list>
<value>classpath*:application.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id= "propertyconfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.preferencesplaceholderconfigurer" >
<property name= "properties" ref= "configproperties" />
</bean>
</beans>
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在这个配置文件中我们配置了注解扫描,和configproperties
实例和propertyconfigurer
实例。这样我们就可以在java类中自动注入配置了,我们看下java类中如何做:
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package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
@component
public class mysqlconnectioninfo {
@value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.url']}" )
private string url;
@value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.username']}" )
private string username;
@value ( "#{configproperties['mysql.password']}" )
private string password;
/**
* @return the url
*/
public string geturl() {
return url;
}
/**
* @return the username
*/
public string getusername() {
return username;
}
/**
* @return the password
*/
public string getpassword() {
return password;
}
}
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自动注入需要使用@value注解,这个注解的格式#{configproperties['mysql.url']}
其中configproperties是我们在appcontext.xml中配置的beanid,mysql.url是在properties文件中的配置项。
properties文件的内容如下:
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mysql.url=mysql's url
mysql.username=mysqluser
mysql.password=mysqlpassword
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最后我们需要测试一下以上写法是否有问题,如下app.java文件内容:
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package cn.outofmemory.hellospring.properties.annotation;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.annotationconfigapplicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
/**
* hello world!
*
*/
public class app
{
public static void main( string[] args )
{
applicationcontext appcontext = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext( "appcontext.xml" );
mysqlconnectioninfo conninfo = appcontext.getbean(mysqlconnectioninfo. class );
system.out.println(conninfo.geturl());
system.out.println(conninfo.getusername());
system.out.println(conninfo.getpassword());
}
}
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在main方法中首先声明了appcontext,然后获得了自动注入的mysqlconnectioninfo的实例,然后打印出来,运行程序会输出配置文件中配置的值
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26562641/article/details/54601085