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package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
subsCodes := []string{"aaaa", "vvvvv", "dddd", "eeeee", "gfgggg"}
for _, s := range subsCodes {
fmt.Println(s)
}
}
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补充:golang字符串string与字符数组[]byte高效转换
string与[]byte的直接转换是通过底层数据copy实现的
var a = []byte("hello boy")
var b = string(a)
这种操作在并发量达到十万百万级别的时候会拖慢程序的处理速度
通过gdb调试来看一下string和[]byte的数据结构
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(gdb) l main.main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
s := "hello, world!"
b := []byte(s)
fmt.Println(s, b)
(gdb) b 11
Breakpoint 1 at 0x487cd9: file /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go, line 11.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /export/home/machao/src/test/test1
Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /export/home/machao/src/test/strbytes.go:11
fmt.Println(s, b)
(gdb) info locals
s = {
str = 0x4b8ccf "hello, world!level 3 resetload64 failednil stackbaseout of memorys.allocCount=srmount errorstill in listtimer expiredtriggerRatio=unreachable: value method xadd64 failedxchg64 failed nmidlelocked= on "..., len = 13}
b = {array = 0xc4200140e0 "hello, world!", len = 13, cap = 16}
(gdb) ptype s
type = struct string {
uint8 *str;
int len;
}
(gdb) ptype b
type = struct []uint8 {
uint8 *array;
int len;
int cap;
}
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转换后 [ ]byte 底层数组与原 string 内部指针并不相同,以此可确定数据被复制。那么,如不修改数据,仅转换类型,是否可避开复制,从而提升性能?
从 ptype 输出的结构来看,string 可看做 [2]uintptr,而 [ ]byte 则是 [3]uintptr,这便于我们编写代码,无需额外定义结构类型。如此,str2bytes 只需构建 [3]uintptr{ptr, len, len},而 bytes2str 更简单,直接转换指针类型,忽略掉 cap 即可。
通过unsafe.Pointer(指针转换)和uintptr(指针运算)实现转换
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"unsafe"
)
func str2bytes(s string) []byte {
x := (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
h := [3]uintptr{x[0], x[1], x[1]}
return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&h))
}
func bytes2str(b []byte) string {
return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
}
func main() {
s := strings.Repeat("abc", 3)
b := str2bytes(s)
s2 := bytes2str(b)
fmt.Println(b, s2)
}
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没有出现逃逸现象
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package main
import (
"testing"
"io/ioutil"
"time"
"fmt"
)
var s, _ = ioutil.ReadFile("mydata4vipday.720.datx")
func test() {
b := string(s)
_ = []byte(b)
}
func test2() {
b := bytes2str(s)
_ = str2bytes(b)
}
func BenchmarkTest(b *testing.B) {
t1 := time.Now()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
test()
}
fmt.Println("test", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N)
}
func BenchmarkTestBlock(b *testing.B) {
t1 := time.Now()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
test2()
}
fmt.Println("test block", time.Now().Sub(t1), b.N)
}
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对比一下优化前后的性能差异
没有额外开辟内存0B/op,执行效率:5亿次耗时1.6秒,而不用unsafe.Pointer和uintptr转换300次耗时久达到了1.1秒,效率对比高下立判
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/EasternUnbeaten/article/details/72355127