jQuery提供的ajax方法能很方便的实现客户端与服务器的异步交互,在asp.net mvc 框架使用jQuery能很方便地异步获取提交数据,给用户提供更好的体验!
调用jQuery的ajax方法时,jQuery会根据post或者get协议对参数data进行序列化;
如果提交的数据使用复杂的json数据,例如:
{userId:32323,userName:{firstName:"李",lastName:"李大嘴"}}
那么服务器是无法正常接收到完整的参数,因为jQuery对data的序列化,是使用了键值对拼装的方式;
参数拼装成 userId=32323&userName=object ; userName所指向的对象被序列化成字符串"object"
如何才能把一个复杂的object对象提交到后台的action参数中呢?
首先,解决jQuery对于参数序列化的问题:
1 /*对象序列化为字符串*/
2 String.toSerialize = function(obj) {
3 var ransferCharForJavascript = function(s) {
4 var newStr = s.replace(
5 /[/x26/x27/x3C/x3E/x0D/x0A/x22/x2C/x5C/x00]/g,
6 function(c) {
7 ascii = c.charCodeAt(0)
8 return '//u00' + (ascii < 16 ? '0' + ascii.toString(16) : ascii.toString(16))
9 }
10 );
11 return newStr;
12 }
13 if (obj == null) {
14 return null
15 }
16 else if (obj.constructor == Array) {
17 var builder = [];
18 builder.push("[");
19 for (var index in obj) {
20 if (typeof obj[index] == "function") continue;
21 if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
22 builder.push(String.toSerialize(obj[index]));
23 }
24 builder.push("]");
25 return builder.join("");
26 }
27 else if (obj.constructor == Object) {
28 var builder = [];
29 builder.push("{");
30 var index = 0;
31 for (var key in obj) {
32 if (typeof obj[key] == "function") continue;
33 if (index > 0) builder.push(",");
34 builder.push(String.format("/"{0}/":{1}", key, String.toSerialize(obj[key])));
35 index++;
36 }
37 builder.push("}");
38 return builder.join("");
39 }
40 else if (obj.constructor == Boolean) {
41 return obj.toString();
42 }
43 else if (obj.constructor == Number) {
44 return obj.toString();
45 }
46 else if (obj.constructor == String) {
47 return String.format('"{0}"', ransferCharForJavascript(obj));
48 }
49 else if (obj.constructor == Date) {
50 return String.format('{"__DataType":"Date","__thisue":{0}}', obj.getTime() - (new Date(1970, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0)).getTime());
51 }
52 else if (this.toString != undefined) {
53 return String.toSerialize(obj);
54 }
55 }
56
jQuery异步请求:
1 $(function() {2 /*按钮点击事件*/
3 $("#btn_post_test").click(function() {
4 var data = [
5 { UserId: "11", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
6 { UserId: "22", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] },
7 { UserId: "33", UserName: { FirstName: "323", LastName: "2323" }, Keys: ["xiaoming", "xiaohong"] }
8 ];
9
10 $.post("Home/Test", { users: String.toSerialize(data) }, function(text) {
11 alert(String.toSerialize(text));
12 }, "json");
13 });
14 });
点击按钮提交数据,监控浏览器,可以发现提交的数据是json对象的序列化后的内容:
1 POST /Home/Test HTTP/1.1
2 x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest
3 Accept-Language: zh-cn
4 Referer: http://localhost:3149/test.html
5 Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*
6 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
7 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
8 User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)
9 Host: localhost:3149
10 Content-Length: 501
11 Connection: Keep-Alive
12 Cache-Control: no-cache
13 Cookie: CookieGlobalLoginUserID=16063
14
15 users=%5B%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2211%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2222%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%2C%7B%22UserId%22%3A%2233%22%2C%22Name%22%3A%7B%22FirstName%22%3A%22323%22%2C%22LastName%22%3A%222323%22%7D%2C%22Keys%22%3A%5B%22xiaoming%22%2C%22xiaohong%22%5D%7D%5D
其次,后台服务器处理参数绑定:
1 using System.Collections.Generic;2 using System.Web.Mvc;
3 using Newtonsoft.Json;
4 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
5
6 namespace WebOS.Controllers
7 {
8 [HandleError]
9 public class HomeController : Controller
10 {
11 /// <summary>
12 /// 测试方法
13 /// </summary>
14 /// <param name="users">用户数据</param>
15 /// <returns>提交的用户数组</returns>
16 public ActionResult Test([ModelBinder(typeof(JsonBinder<User>))]List<User> users)
17 {
18 return Json(users, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
19 }
20
21 }
22 /// <summary>
23 /// 对象实体
24 /// </summary>
25 [JsonObject]
26 public class User
27 {
28 [JsonProperty("UserName")]
29 public UserName Name { get; set; }
30 [JsonProperty("UserId")]
31 public string UserId { get; set; }
32 [JsonProperty("Keys")]
33 public List<string> Keys { get; set; }
34
35
36 }
37 /// <summary>
38 /// 对象实体
39 /// </summary>
40 [JsonObject]
41 public class UserName
42 {
43 [JsonProperty("FirstName")]
44 public string FirstName { get; set; }
45 [JsonProperty("LastName")]
46 public string LastName { get; set; }
47
48 }
49 /// <summary>
50 /// Json数据绑定类
51 /// </summary>
52 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
53 public class JsonBinder<T> : IModelBinder
54 {
55
56 public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
57 {
58 //从请求中获取提交的参数数据
59 var json = controllerContext.HttpContext.Request.Form[bindingContext.ModelName] as string;
60 //提交参数是对象
61 if (json.StartsWith("{") && json.EndsWith("}"))
62 {
63 JObject jsonBody = JObject.Parse(json);
64 JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
65 object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonBody.CreateReader(), typeof(T));
66 return obj;
67 }
68 //提交参数是数组
69 if (json.StartsWith("[") && json.EndsWith("]"))
70 {
71 IList<T> list = new List<T>();
72 JArray jsonRsp = JArray.Parse(json);
73
74 if (jsonRsp != null)
75 {
76 for (int i = 0; i < jsonRsp.Count; i++)
77 {
78 JsonSerializer js = new JsonSerializer();
79 object obj = js.Deserialize(jsonRsp[i].CreateReader(), typeof(T));
80 list.Add((T)obj);
81 }
82 }
83 return list;
84 }
85 return null;
86 }
87 }
88 }
89
前端获取到后台返回的数据,结果就是用户提交的数据:
后台json反序列化使用了Newtonsoft.Json 组件,有关资料请参考:http://james.newtonking.com/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
["SUCCESS",{"DataType":"System.DataTable","TableName":"Table1","Columns":[{"ColumnName":"BRANDID","DataType":"System.Int32"},{"ColumnName":"SEX","DataType":"System.Int32"},{"ColumnName":"TYPE_ID","DataType":"System.Int32"},{"ColumnName":"US_SIZE","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"CN_SIZE","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"SHOE_LENGTH","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"SHOE_WIDTH","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"SHOE_SPEC","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"UK_SIZE","DataType":"System.String"},{"ColumnName":"JP_SIZE","DataType":"System.String"}],"Rows":[{"BRANDID":43,"SEX":0,"TYPE_ID":0,"US_SIZE":"350","CN_SIZE":"35","SHOE_LENGTH":"225","SHOE_WIDTH_SIZE":"35","SHOE_SPEC_SIZE":"25","UK_SIZE":"7","JP_SIZE":"235"},{"BRANDID":43,"SEX":0,"TYPE_ID":0,"US_SIZE":"350","CN_SIZE":"35","SHOE_LENGTH":"225","SHOE_WIDTH":"35","SHOE_SPEC":"25","UK_SIZE":"7","JP_SIZE":"235"}]}]