1、连接数据库,并创建session
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy import create_engine engine = create_engine( "mysql pymysql://root:密码@127.0.0.1:3306/数据库?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接 pool_size=5, # 连接池大小 pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错 pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置) ) SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = SessionFactory()
2、增
# 单条 obj = Users(name=‘tom‘) session.add(obj) session.commit() # 多条 session.add_all([ Users(name=‘海贼王‘), Users(name=‘死神‘) ]) session.commit() session.close()
3、删
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).delete()
session.commit()
session.close()
4、改
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({Users.name:‘死神‘}) session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({‘name‘:‘火影‘}) # 在原本的字段,修改属性 session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({‘name‘:Users.name "DSB"},synchronize_session=False) session.commit() session.close()
5、查
# 查询所有 result = session.query(Users).all() for row in result: print(row.id,row.name) # 根据条件查询 result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2) for row in result: print(row.id,row.name) # 查询id大于2的第一个对象 result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).first() print(result)
补充
# 1. 指定列, 字段别名 # select id,name as cname from users; result = session.query(Users.id,Users.name.label(‘cname‘)).all() for item in result: print(item[0],item.id,item.cname) # 2. 默认条件and session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 1, Users.name == ‘abc‘).all() # 3. between session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == ‘abc‘).all() # 4. in, not in ~ session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() # 5. 子查询 session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter(Users.name==‘abc‘))).all() # 6. and 和 or from sqlalchemy import and_, or_ # 默认 and session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 3, Users.name == ‘eric‘).all() # and session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == ‘eric‘)).all() # or session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == ‘eric‘)).all() # and or 一起使用 session.query(Users).filter( or_( Users.id < 2, and_(Users.name == ‘eric‘, Users.id > 3), Users.extra != "" )).all() # 7. filter_by,查询内部执行的是filter session.query(Users).filter_by(name=‘abc‘).all() # 8. 通配符 % 任意个, _一个 ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like(‘a_‘)).all() ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like(‘e%‘)).all() # 9. 切片/分页 result = session.query(Users)[1:2] # 10.排序 ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all() ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all() # 11. group by, having , 聚合函数 from sqlalchemy.sql import func ret = session.query( Users.depart_id, func.count(Users.id), ).group_by(Users.depart_id).all() for item in ret: print(item) # having from sqlalchemy.sql import func ret = session.query( Users.depart_id, func.count(Users.id), ).group_by(Users.depart_id).having(func.count(Users.id) >= 2).all() for item in ret: print(item) # 12.union 和 union all, unuon 去重 union all 不去重 """ select id,name from users UNION select id,name from users; """ # 去重 q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) ret = q1.union(q2).all() # 不去重 q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()
注意:
1、操作数据结束,关闭session
session.close()
2、增、删、改,要提交数据
session.commit()