Python实现网络自动化eNSP

1.使用Paramiko登陆到单台交换机

实验拓扑

云彩桥接到本机环回接口：192.168.1.1/24
三层交换机IP：192.168.1.2/24

实验要求

使用Python Paramiko 模块实现SSH 登录单个交换机（192.168.56.2/24），配置LoopBack0地址：1.1.1.1/32。配置完成后，保存退出。

实验步骤 配置交换机管理地址，并测试与主机虚拟网卡连通性

[Huawei]vlan 10
[Huawei]int vlan 10
[Huawei-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.2 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10

配置三层交换机开启 SSH 服务端，配置 SSH 账号密码。

[Huawei]user-interface vty 0 4
[Huawei-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[Huawei-ui-vty0-4]protocol inbound ssh
[Huawei-aaa]local-user python password cipher 123
[Huawei-aaa]local-user python privilege level 3
[Huawei-aaa]local-user python service-type ssh 
[Huawei]stelnet server enable 
[Huawei]ssh authentication-type default password 

Python代码

import paramiko
import time

ip = "192.168.56.2"
username = "python"
password = "123"

ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) //默认情况下，Paramiko会拒绝任何未知的SSH public keys，使用此函数使其接收来自交换机提供的public keys。
ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password, look_for_keys=False)
print("Successfully connect to " + ip)

commend = ssh_client.invoke_shell()
commend.send("sys
")
commend.send("interface LoopBack 0
")
commend.send("ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
")
commend.send("return
")
commend.send("save
")
commend.send("y
")

time.sleep(3) //稍等3秒，然后执行以下操作
output = commend.recv(65535) //截取本次运行script后的所有输出记录，将其assign给output变量
print(output.decode("ascii"))

ssh_client.close()

查看运行结果

在交换机上查看

也可以在交换机上debuggiing ip packet可以看到日志

2.使用Paramiko登陆到连续子网交换机

实验拓扑

连续子网三层交换机：管理地址 192.168.1.2/24 to 192.168.1.5/24

实验要求

登陆到各台交换机，并为其配置vlan 11 to 15，保存配置并退出。

实验步骤

配置管理口IP地址，并配置SSH Server 登陆名以及密码等

python代码

import paramiko
import time

#import getpass
#username = input("Username: ")
#password = getpass.getpass("Password: ") //pycharm中该模块运行没反应，用户名和密码还是直接写的

username = "python"
password = "123"

for i in range(2, 6):
    ip = "192.168.1." + str(i)
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password, look_for_keys=False)
    command = ssh_client.invoke_shell()
    print("Successfully connect to " + ip)
    command.send("sys
")
    for j in range(11, 16):
        print("正在创建VLAN: " + str(j))
        command.send("vlan " + str(j) + "
")
        time.sleep(1)
    command.send("return
")
    command.send("save
")
    command.send("y
")
    time.sleep(2)
    output = command.recv(65535).decode("ascii")
    print(output)

ssh_client.close()

运行结果

3.Paramiko登陆不连续子网交换机

实验拓扑

将交换机LSW5的管理接口ip更改为192.168.1.6/24，使交换机ip不在同一网段

实验要求

使用Paramiko登陆四台ip不连续的交换机，并给其配置vlan11 to 15

实验步骤

创建一个文本文档，将需要配置的交换机的ip地址写入，这里我在Desktop下创建了一个名为ip.txt文档

使用open函数，打开文件，进行操作，实现不连续子网调用

import paramiko
import time

username = "python"
password = "123"

f = open("C:/Users/DELL/Desktop/ip.txt", "r")
for line in f.readlines():
    ip = line.strip()
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password)
    print("Successfully connect to ", ip)
    command = ssh_client.invoke_shell()
    command.send("sys
")
    command.send("vlan batch 11 to 15
")
    time.sleep(2)
    command.send("return
")
    command.send("save
")
    command.send("y
")
    time.sleep(2)
    output = command.recv(65535).decode("ascii")
    print(output)

f.close()
ssh_client.close()

查看运行结果

4.sys.argv[ ] 实现灵活调用脚本所需文件

实验拓扑

假设1.2和1.3为一组，1.4和1.6为一组

实验要求

同时修改不同型号设备的配置，给SW1/3配置vlan11 to 15，SW4/5配置vlan16 to 20

实验步骤

创建两个名为ip1.txt，command1.txt的文件，存储1组的ip和要进行的配置

同样创建两个名为ip2.txt，command2.txt文件，存储2组的ip和要进行的配置

python代码

import paramiko
import time
import sys

username = "python"
password = "123"

ip_file = sys.argv[1]
cmd_file = sys.argv[2]

iplist = open(ip_file)
for line in iplist.readlines():
    ip = line.strip()
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password)
    print("Successfully connect to ", ip)
    command = ssh_client.invoke_shell()
    cmdlist = open(cmd_file, "r")
    cmdlist.seek(0)
    for line in cmdlist.readlines():
        command.send(line + "
")
        time.sleep(5)
    cmdlist.close()
    output = command.recv(65535)
    print(output)

iplist.close()
ssh_client.close()

查看运行结果（pycharm不可以使用argv，在cmd里使用）

5.SSH连接失败处理

import paramiko
import time
import sys
import socket
import getpass

username = input("Username: ")
password = getpass.getpass("Password: ")
ip_file = sys.argv[1]
cmd_file = sys.argv[2]

switch_with_authentication_issue = []
switch_not_reachable = []

iplist = open(ip_file, "r")
for line in iplist.readlines():
    try:
        ip = line.strip()
        ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password,look_for_keys=False)
        print("Successfully connect to " + ip)
        command = ssh_client.invoke_shell()
        cmdlist = open(cmd_file, "r")
        cmdlist.seek(0)
        for cmd in cmdlist.readlines():
            command.send(cmd + "
")
        time.sleep(1)
        cmdlist.close()
        output = command.recv(65535)
        print(output.decode("ascii"))
    except paramiko.ssh_exception.AuthenticationException:
        print("User authentication failed for " + ip + ".")
        switch_with_authentication_issue.append(ip)
    except TimeoutError:
        switch_not_reachable.append(ip)

iplist.close()
ssh_client.close()

print("
User authentication failed for below switches: ")
for i in switch_with_authentication_issue:
    print(i)

print("
Below switchs are not reachable: ")
for i in  switch_not_reachable:
    print(i)

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51045259/article/details/115100759