前言
Python可以操作Excel的模块不止一种,我习惯使用的写入模块是xlwt(一般都是读写模块分开的)
python中使用xlwt操作excel非常方,和Java使用调框架apache poi相比这就是天堂啊,下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧
一.安装xlwt模块
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pip3 install xlwt
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二.简单使用xlwt
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import xlwt #导入模块
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding= 'utf-8' ) #创建workbook 对象
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' ) #创建工作表sheet
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'hello' ) #往表中写内容,第一各参数 行,第二个参数列,第三个参数内容
workbook.save( 'students.xls' ) #保存表为students.xls
#在Java中使用poi操作excel 在创建workbook对象的时候就需要写好表名,创建workbook对象完成后
#这个表就已经存在,但是使用xlwt 需要在最后调用保存的时候为表命名,并且只有调入save方法后才会#创建表
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三.为内容设置style
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
#设置字体样式
font = xlwt.Font()
#字体
font.name = 'Time New Roman'
#加粗
font.bold = True
#下划线
font.underline = True
#斜体
font.italic = True
#创建style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
#根据样式创建workbook
worksheet.write( 0 , 1 , 'world' , style)
workbook.save( 'students.xls' )
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四.合并单元格
使用xlwt 合并单元格时不用像poi通过style来设置,直接创建和并单元格就可以,
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
#通过worksheet调用merge()创建合并单元格
#第一个和第二个参数单表行合并,第三个和第四个参数列合并,
#合并第0列到第2列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge( 0 , 0 , 0 , 2 , 'first merge' )
#合并第1行第2行第一列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge( 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 'first merge' )
workbook.save( 'students.xls' )
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如果需要了解具体调合并单元格规则就自己试着合并,查看合并效果.才能清晰明了
五.设置单元格的对齐方式
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
alignment = xlwt.Alignment()
# 水平居中
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
# 垂直居中
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.alignment = alignment
#设置单元格宽度
worksheet.col( 0 ).width = 6666
#设置单元格的高度
worksheet.row( 0 ).height_mismatch = True
worksheet.row( 0 ).height = 1000
worksheet.write( 0 , 0 , 'hello world' , style)
workbook.save( 'center.xls' )
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六.设置单元格调边框
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
# 设置颜色
border.left_coloure = 0x40b
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right_colour = 0x40b
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top_colour = 0x40b
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom_colour = 0x40b
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write( 0 , 0 , 'love' , style)
workbook.save( 'dashed.xls' )
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七.设置单元格边框
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write( 1 , 1 , 'love' , style)
workbook.save( 'dashed.xls' )
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八.设置单元格背景色
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
# 8 through 63
# 0 = Black, 1 = White,
# 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue,
# 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan,
# 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green,
# 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
# almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta,
# 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray,
# 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 3
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.pattern = pattern
worksheet.write( 1 , 1 , 'shit' , style)
workbook.save( 'shit.xls' )
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九.设置字体颜色
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workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8' )
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet( 'sheet1' )
font = xlwt.Font()
# 设置字体为红色
font.colour_index = xlwt.Style.colour_map[ 'red' ]
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
worksheet.write( 0 , 1 , 'world' , style)
workbook.save( 'students.xls' )
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遇到的问题:
1.PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'dashed.xls'
原因:测试写入调时候文件被打开了,无法写入,关闭文件后再写入就ok了
2.TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
创建style的时候调错对象将
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style = xlwt.Style()
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改为
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style = xlwt.XFStyle()
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总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017866070