谈c++ pb_ds库(一)rope大法好

时间:2023-12-21 12:27:56

参考资料

1)官方说明

支持

sorry,cena不支持rope

声明

1)头文件

#include<ext/rope>

2)调用命名空间

using namespace __gnu_cxx;

底层原理

查了资料,大概可以称作可持久化平衡树,因为rope适用于大量、冗长的串操作,而不适合单个字符操作官方说明如下:

Though ropes can be treated as Containers of characters, and are almost Sequences, this is rarely the most efficient way to accomplish a task. Replacing an individual character in a rope is slow: each character replacement essentially consists of two substring operations followed by two concatenation operations. Ropes primarily target a more functional programming style.Inserting a character in the middle of a 10 megabyte rope should take on the order of 10s of microseconds, even if a copy of the original is kept, e.g. as part of an edit history.It is possible to view a function producing characters as a rope. Thus a piece of a rope may be a 100MByte file, which is read only when that section of the string is examined. Concatenating a string to the end of such a file does not involve reading the file. (Currently the implementation of this facility is incomplete.)

另,根据网上资料,rope本质是封装好的类似块状链表的东东,有人说是logn的,但也有说是n^0.5的。rope不支持一切数值操作,如第k大

小知识

先介绍几个可能使用到的函数

1)append()

string &append(const string &s,int pos,int n);//把字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到当前字符串的结尾

a.append(b);
2)substr()

s.substr(0,5);//获得字符串s中从第零位开始长度为5的字符串(默认时长度为刚好开始位置到结尾)

定义/声明

rope<char> str;

also

<crope>r="abcdefg"

具体内容

总的来说,

1)运算符:rope支持operator += -= + - < ==

2)输入输出:可以用<<运算符由输入输出流读入或输出。

3)长度/大小:调用length(),size()都可以哦

4)插入/添加等:

push_back(x);//在末尾添加x

insert(pos,x);//在pos插入x,自然支持整个char数组的一次插入

erase(pos,x);//从pos开始删除x个

copy(pos,len,x);//从pos开始到pos+len为止用x代替

replace(pos,x);//从pos开始换成x

substr(pos,x);//提取pos开始x个

at(x)/[x];//访问第x个元素

访问

1)迭代器:不说,在竞赛是超时大忌

2)单点访问,直接用数组形式调用下标即可

应用

一、bzoj1269 文本编辑器

如果想看正常版本的看我的splay平衡树代码

实现操作:
1.(已知)move k:移动光标到目标,初始为0
2.(已知)prev:光标前移一个字符
3.(已知)next:光标后移一个字符
4.insert n s:在光标后插入长度为n的字符串s光标位置不变
5.delete n 删除光标后的n个字符,光标位置不变
6.rotate n 反转光标后的n个字符,光标位置不变
7.get 输出光标后一个字符,光标位置不变

solution

为实现反转操作且保证不超时,我们不调用rope自带的可怕函数,暴力构建两个rope,插入时一个正序插入一个倒序插入,区间即为子串赋值

#include<cstdio>
#include<ext/rope>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace __gnu_cxx;
inline int Rin(){
int x=,c=getchar(),f=;
for(;c<||c>;c=getchar())
if(!(c^))f=-;
for(;c>&&c<;c=getchar())
x=(x<<)+(x<<)+c-;
return x*f;
}
int n,pos,x,l;
rope<char>a,b,tmp;
char sign[],ch[<<],rch[<<];
int main(){
n=Rin();
while(n--){
scanf("%s",sign);
switch(sign[]){
case'M':pos=Rin();break;
case'P':pos--;break;
case'N':pos++;break;
case'G':putchar(a[pos]);putchar('\n');break;
case'I':
x=Rin();
l=a.length();
for(int i=;i<x;i++){
do{ch[i]=getchar();}
while(ch[i]=='\n');
rch[x-i-]=ch[i];
}
ch[x]=rch[x]='\0';
a.insert(pos,ch);
b.insert(l-pos,rch);
break;
case'D':
x=Rin();
l=a.length();
a.erase(pos,x);
b.erase(l-pos-x,x);
break;
case'R':
x=Rin();
l=a.length();
tmp=a.substr(pos,x);
a=a.substr(,pos)+b.substr(l-pos-x,x)+a.substr(pos+x,l-pos-x);
b=b.substr(,l-pos-x)+tmp+b.substr(l-pos,pos);
break;
}
}
return ;
}