前言:在实现过程查找过许多资料,各种波折,最后综合多篇文章最终实现并上线使用。为了减少大家踩坑的时间,所以写了本文,希望有用。对于实现过程中有用的参考资料直接放上链接,可能有些内容相对冗余,不过时间允许多看看也并不无益。
入门文章:
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/mEJvYb
netty官网:
(官网的user guide相对一般,javadoc倒是要看的)
需求场景:
实现用户的在线离线状态实时展现(我们的客户端是android)。
技术选型:
在线好办,关键是要监测到什么时候离线,于是我们选择了心跳模型,当心跳失效时即为离线。如果用http发送心跳包虽然简单但是极度不科学,耗电量太大,所以直接否决。我们选择基于TCP实现长连接,而借助一些第三方插件可以更好更快地实现长连接,于是在mina和netty之间我们选择了netty。(理由仅仅是在百度知道里边看到别人说netty使用的更广泛,没有深入对比过)
相关版本:
netty5.0
jdk1.7
tomcat6.0
基础流程图如下:
服务端代码:
HeartBeatServer.java
public class HeartBeatServer { // 端口
private int port ;
public HeartBeatServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
} ChannelFuture f ; ServerBootstrap b ; // 检测chanel是否接受过心跳数据时间间隔(单位秒)
private static final int READ_WAIT_SECONDS = 10; public void startServer() {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
b.childHandler(new HeartBeatServerInitializer());
// 服务器绑定端口监听
f = b.bind(port).sync();
// 监听服务器关闭监听,此方法会阻塞
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
// 可以简写为
/* b.bind(portNumber).sync().channel().closeFuture().sync(); */
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
/**
* 消息处理器
* @author cullen edward
*/
private class HeartBeatServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); /*
* 使用ObjectDecoder和ObjectEncoder
* 因为双向都有写数据和读数据,所以这里需要两个都设置
* 如果只读,那么只需要ObjectDecoder即可
*/
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); /*
* 这里只监听读操作
* 可以根据需求,监听写操作和总得操作
*/
pipeline.addLast("pong", new IdleStateHandler(READ_WAIT_SECONDS, 0, 0,TimeUnit.SECONDS)); //pipeline.addLast("handler", new Heartbeat());
pipeline.addLast("handler", new HeartbeatHandler());
}
} public void stopServer(){
if(f!=null){
f.channel().close();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
HeartbeatServer heartbeatServer = new HeartbeatServer(9597);
heartbeatServer.startServer();
}
}
HeartbeatHandler.java
public class HeartbeatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
// 失败计数器:未收到client端发送的ping请求
private int unRecPingTimes = 0 ;
private String userid; // 定义服务端没有收到心跳消息的最大次数
private static final int MAX_UN_REC_PING_TIMES = 3; @Override
protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("----->msg=" + msg); //msg格式约定为"operation,userid"
String[] args = msg.split(",");
String msg_operation = args[0];
String msg_userid = args[1];
if("LOGIN".equals(msg_operation)){
if(!Utils.isBlank(msg_userid)){
userid = msg_userid;
}
setUserOnlineStatus(userid, true);
}else if("HEARTBEAT".equals(msg_operation)){
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("success");
// 失败计数器清零
unRecPingTimes = 0;
}
} public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
/*读超时*/
System.out.println("===服务端===(READER_IDLE 读超时)");
// 失败计数器次数大于等于3次的时候,关闭链接,等待client重连
if(unRecPingTimes >= MAX_UN_REC_PING_TIMES){
System.out.println("===服务端===(读超时,关闭chanel)");
// 连续超过N次未收到client的ping消息,那么关闭该通道,等待client重连
ctx.channel().close();
}else{
// 失败计数器加1
unRecPingTimes++;
}
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
/*写超时*/
System.out.println("===服务端===(WRITER_IDLE 写超时)");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
/*总超时*/
System.out.println("===服务端===(ALL_IDLE 总超时)");
}
}
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("错误原因:"+cause.getMessage());
ctx.channel().close();
setUserOnlineStatus(userid, false);
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Client active ");
super.channelActive(ctx);
} @Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// 关闭,等待重连
ctx.close();
System.out.println("===服务端===(客户端失效)");
setUserOnlineStatus(userid, false);
} //设置用户在线离线状态
private void setUserOnlineStatus(String userid, boolean isOnline){
if(!Utils.isBlank(userid)){
//更新用户信息为在线状态(此处代码省略)
}
}
}
简易的测试客户端代码:
SimpleClient.java
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new SimpleClient("127.0.0.1", 9597).run();
}
private final String host;
private final int port;
public SimpleClient(String host, int port) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap().group(group).channel(
NioSocketChannel.class).handler(
new SimpleClientInitializer());
Channel channel = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync().channel();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
while (true) {
channel.writeAndFlush(in.readLine());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
SimpleClientInitializer.java
public class SimpleClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
}
}
备注:代码大部分是从其他网站复制修改调整的,写得相对简易一点,其中还有很多安全性、合理性有待优化。
代码参考文章:
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