利用Python进行数据分析时,Numpy是最常用的库,经常用来对数组、矩阵等进行转置等,有时候用来做数据的存储。
在numpy中,转置transpose和轴对换是很基本的操作,下面分别详细讲述一下,以免自己忘记。
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In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: arr=np.arange(16).reshape(2,2,4)
In [3]: arr
Out[3]:
array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7]],
[[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15]]])
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如上图所示,将0-15放在一个2 2 4 的矩阵当中,得到结果如上。
现在要进行装置transpose操作,比如
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In [4]: arr.transpose(1,0,2)
Out[4]:
array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]],
[[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[12, 13, 14, 15]]])
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结果是如何得到的呢?
每一个元素都分析一下,0位置在[0,0,0],转置为[1,0,2],相当于把原来位置在[0,1,2]的转置到[1,0,2],对0来说,位置转置后为[0,0,0],同理,对1 [0,0,1]来说,转置后为[0,0,1],同理我们写出所有如下:
其中第一列是值,第二列是转置前位置,第三列是转置后,看到转置后位置,再看如上的结果,是不是就豁然开朗了?
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0 [0,0,0] [0,0,0]
1 [0,0,1] [0,0,1]
2 [0,0,2] [0,0,2]
3 [0,0,3] [0,0,3]
4 [0,1,0] [1,0,0]
5 [0,1,1] [1,0,1]
6 [0,1,2] [1,0,2]
7 [0,1,3] [1,0,3]
8 [1,0,0] [0,1,0]
9 [1,0,1] [0,1,1]
10 [1,0,2] [0,1,2]
11 [1,0,3] [0,1,3]
12 [1,1,0] [1,1,0]
13 [1,1,1] [1,1,1]
14 [1,1,2] [1,1,2]
15 [1,1,3] [1,1,3]
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再看另一个结果:
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In [20]: arr.T
Out[20]:
array([[[ 0, 8],
[ 4, 12]],
[[ 1, 9],
[ 5, 13]],
[[ 2, 10],
[ 6, 14]],
[[ 3, 11],
[ 7, 15]]])
In [21]: arr.transpose(2,1,0)
Out[21]:
array([[[ 0, 8],
[ 4, 12]],
[[ 1, 9],
[ 5, 13]],
[[ 2, 10],
[ 6, 14]],
[[ 3, 11],
[ 7, 15]]])
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再对比转置前后的图看一下:
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0 [0,0,0] [0,0,0]
1 [0,0,1] [1,0,0]
2 [0,0,2] [2,0,0]
3 [0,0,3] [3,0,0]
4 [0,1,0] [0,1,0]
5 [0,1,1] [1,1,0]
6 [0,1,2] [2,1,0]
7 [0,1,3] [3,1,0]
8 [1,0,0] [0,0,1]
9 [1,0,1] [1,0,1]
10 [1,0,2] [2,0,1]
11 [1,0,3] [3,0,1]
12 [1,1,0] [0,1,1]
13 [1,1,1] [1,1,1]
14 [1,1,2] [2,1,1]
15 [1,1,3] [3,1,1]
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瞬间就明白转置了吧!其实只要动手写写,都很容易明白的。另外T其实就是把顺序全部颠倒过来,如下:
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In [22]: arr3=np.arange(16).reshape(2,2,2,2)
In [23]: arr3
Out[23]:
array([[[[ 0, 1],
[ 2, 3]],
[[ 4, 5],
[ 6, 7]]],
[[[ 8, 9],
[10, 11]],
[[12, 13],
[14, 15]]]])
In [24]: arr3.T
Out[24]:
array([[[[ 0, 8],
[ 4, 12]],
[[ 2, 10],
[ 6, 14]]],
[[[ 1, 9],
[ 5, 13]],
[[ 3, 11],
[ 7, 15]]]])
In [25]: arr3.transpose(3,2,1,0)
Out[25]:
array([[[[ 0, 8],
[ 4, 12]],
[[ 2, 10],
[ 6, 14]]],
[[[ 1, 9],
[ 5, 13]],
[[ 3, 11],
[ 7, 15]]]])
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转置就是这样子,具体上面aar3转置前后的位置,就不写了。
下面说说swapaxes,轴对称。
话不多,上结果
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In [27]: arr.swapaxes(1,2)
Out[27]:
array([[[ 0, 4],
[ 1, 5],
[ 2, 6],
[ 3, 7]],
[[ 8, 12],
[ 9, 13],
[10, 14],
[11, 15]]])
In [28]: arr.transpose(0,2,1)
Out[28]:
array([[[ 0, 4],
[ 1, 5],
[ 2, 6],
[ 3, 7]],
[[ 8, 12],
[ 9, 13],
[10, 14],
[11, 15]]])
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发现了吧,其实swapaxes其实就是把矩阵中某两个轴对换一下,不信再看一个:
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In [29]: arr3
Out[29]:
array([[[[ 0, 1],
[ 2, 3]],
[[ 4, 5],
[ 6, 7]]],
[[[ 8, 9],
[10, 11]],
[[12, 13],
[14, 15]]]])
In [30]: arr3.swapaxes(1,3)
Out[30]:
array([[[[ 0, 4],
[ 2, 6]],
[[ 1, 5],
[ 3, 7]]],
[[[ 8, 12],
[10, 14]],
[[ 9, 13],
[11, 15]]]])
In [31]: arr3.transpose(0,3,2,1)
Out[31]:
array([[[[ 0, 4],
[ 2, 6]],
[[ 1, 5],
[ 3, 7]]],
[[[ 8, 12],
[10, 14]],
[[ 9, 13],
[11, 15]]]])
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哈哈,只要动手做做,会发现其实没有那么困难,不能只看。
纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行!共勉!
以上这篇Numpy中转置transpose、T和swapaxes的实例讲解就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18989901/article/details/73142472