HAproxy指南之haproxy实现动静分离(案例篇)
实际应用环境中,往往需要根据业务请求将相关不同请求跳转到指定的后端server,比如客户静态资源请求交给静态资源server处理,php请求交给php server处理,jsp请求交给tomcat处理,即业务上的应用请求分离,而haproxy完全可以利用acl匹配规则实现这一目的 。
一. haproxy实现应用动静分离
如图所示为整体的拓扑图:
需求说明:
当客户端访问haproxy时,请求的是静态文件内容时,请求转交给static server,请求的是php内容时,请求转交给php server,请求的是jsp内容时,请求转交给tomcat server,以实现动静分离
一.部署前说明:
(1)系统版本: centos 6.6(64位)
(2)角色及ip相关信息:
角色名称 | ip信息 |
haproxy server | eth0:172.51.96.233/24 && eth1:192.168.0.233/24 |
static server | eth1:192.168.0.247/24 |
php server | eth1:192.168.0.235/24 |
tomcat server | eth1:192.168.0.238/24 |
二. 部署操作
haproxy server上操作
编译安装haproxy
1.1 到haproxy官网下载haproxy源码包如下
cd ~wget http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/src/haproxy-1.5.15.tar.gz
1.2 创建haproxy运行用户
groupadd -r haproxy useradd -g haproxy -M -s /sbin/nologin haproxy
1.3 编译安装haproxy:
cd ~tar zxvf haproxy-1.5.15.tar.gz -C /usr/local/srccd /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.5.15make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxymake install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
注意:TARGET=Linux26 是通过uname -a 来查看Linux内核版本的
1.4 创建haproxy主配置文件:
mkdir /etc/haproxy/touch /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
后端web server上操作
1.5 分别在img server,php server,tomcat server安装相应的web环境并创建测试页,其中:
(1)static server的访问url为:http://192.168.0.247/img/haproxy.PNG ,页面内容如下:
(2)php server的访问url为:http://192.168.0.235/info.php ,页面内容如下:
(3)tomcat server的访问url为:http://192.168.238:8086/test.jsp ,页面内容如下:
1.6 编辑haproxy server的haproxy主配置文件:
代码内容如下
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global log 127.0.0.1 local3 maxconn 204800 chroot /usr/local/haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon nbproc 1 pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid stats socket /usr/local/haproxy/stats description haproxy server #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults log global mode http maxconn 10000 option httplog option httpclose option dontlognull option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 retries 3 option redispatch option abortonclose balance roundrobin timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # use listen setting the haproxy status for site #--------------------------------------------------------------------- listen admin_status #设置haproxy监控状态 bind *:3030 mode http log 127.0.0.1 local3 err stats refresh 5s stats uri /status #监控状态页面访问url stats realm www.skeryp.com stats auth admin:admin stats hide-version stats admin if TRUE #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main listen which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- listen www bind *:80 maxconn 5000 mode http log global option httplog option httpclose option forwardfor log global default_backend default #设置默认访问页面 #定义当请求的内容是静态内容时,将请求转交给static server的acl规则 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /p_w_picpaths /img /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html acl host_static hdr_beg(host) -i img. video. download. ftp. imags. videos. #定义当请求的内容是php内容时,将请求转交给php server的acl规则 acl url_php path_end -i .php #定义当请求的内容是.jsp或.do内容时,将请求转交给tomcat server的acl规则 acl url_jsp path_end -i .jsp .do #引用acl匹配规则 use_backend static_pool if url_static or host_static use_backend php_pool if url_php use_backend tomcat_pool if url_jsp #定义后端backend server backend static_pool option httpchk GET /index.html server static1 192.168.0.247:80 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 backend php_pool option httpchk GET /info.php server php1 192.168.0.235:80 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 backend tomcat_pool option httpchk GET /index.jsp server tomcat1 192.168.0.238:8086 cookie id2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 #<----------------------default site for listen and frontend------------------------------------> backend default mode http option httpchk GET /index.html server default 192.168.0.127:80 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 maxconn 5000
注意:
上面的www的配置部分也可以用frontend配置块来替换,如下所示:
frontend www bind *:80 maxconn 5000 mode http log global option httplog option httpclose option forwardfor log global default_backend default acl url_static path_beg -i /static /p_w_picpaths /img /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html acl host_static hdr_beg(host) -i img. video. download. ftp. imags. videos. acl url_php path_end -i .php acl url_jsp path_end -i .jsp .do use_backend static_pool if url_static or host_static use_backend php_pool if url_php use_backend tomcat_pool if url_jsp backend static_pool option httpchk GET /index.html server static1 192.168.0.247:80 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 backend php_pool option httpchk GET /info.php server php1 192.168.0.235:80 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 backend tomcat_pool option httpchk GET /index.jsp server tomcat1 192.168.0.238:8086 cookie id2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3
备注: listen配置块是frontend和backend的组合体,listen里面可以单独配置backend不配置frontend,也可以组合使用,即listen配置区域可以交差使用frontend和backend的配置,如acl可以配置到frontend块, 也可以直接配置到listen块,但是不能配置到backend块。如backend的中server可以直接配置到listen配置区域,但不能直接配置到frontend配置区域
1.7 重启haproxy服务:
server haproxy restart
关于haproxy服务脚本代码请访问:http://blief.blog.51cto.com/6170059/1750573
三. 结论测试
在客户端访问:http://172.51.96.233/img/haproxy.PNG,可以发现haproxy将请求转交给后端static server了。如下:
访问:http://172.51.96.233/info.php,可以发现haproxy将请求转交给后端php server了。如下:
访问:http://172.51.96.233/test.jsp,可以发现haproxy将请求转交给后端tomcat server了。如下所示:
从上可知:haproxy已经成功实现了动静分离,即静态内容交由静态server处理,动态内容交由动态处理的server处理
如果我们要查看各个server的健康状态,可以登录:http://172.51.96.233:3030/admin,如下
总结:haproxy可以利用acl规则匹配url做相应的请求跳转,比如动静分离,域名跳转等等应用需求,haproxy是一款性能很强大的四层以及七层代理server。