ASP.NET MVC5 学习笔记-1 控制器、路由、返回类型、选择器、过滤器

时间:2023-12-19 10:07:08

1. Action

1.1 新建项目

新建项目->Web->Asp.net Web应用程序,选择MVC,选择添加测试。

在解决方案上右键,选择"管理NuGet程序包",在更新页更新全部程序包。

1.2 控制器

控制器在Controllers文件夹内,命名规则是"名称+Controller"


2. 路由

2.1 路由规则

{controller}/{action}/{id}

其中{id}是可选的。

2.2 路由定义RouteConfig.cs

public class RouteConfig
{
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
}

我们自定义一个路由:

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute(
name: "Serial Number",
url: "serial/{lettercase}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Serial", lettercase="upper" }
); routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}

它定义了一个路由,路由名称为"Serial Number", url以"serial"开头,含有一个lettercase参数,使用HomeController.Serial来处理,lettercase默认值为"upper".

现在在HomeController.cs中定义:

public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
{
var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
if (lettercase == "lower")
{
serial = serial.ToLower();
}
return Content(serial);
}

此时访问:http://localhost:17681/serial/ 或者 http://localhost:17681/serial/lower 都可以。

如果路由中没有包含{lettercase},则可以使用querystring方式传递lettercase: http://localhost:17681/serial/?lettercase=lower:

routes.MapRoute(
name: "Serial Number",
url: "serial",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Serial" }
);

vs快捷键:F5运行调试; ctrl+F5:运行但不调试,此时运行时可以修改代码;ctrl+shift+b:编译代码,可以在运行时重新加载而无需重启。

3 返回类型

内建Action Result类型:

  • ViewResult:渲染返回完整的网页
  • PartialViewResult:渲染返回网页的一部分,用于Ajax比较多;
  • ContentResult: 返回用户自定义的内容(text,xml)等;
  • JsonResult: 返回Json类型
  • RedirectToRouteResult:重定向

3.1 PartialViewResult的例子

public ActionResult Index()
{
return PartialView();
}

3.2 JsonResult的例子

public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
{
var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
if (lettercase == "lower")
{
serial = serial.ToLower();
}
//return Content(serial);
return Json(new {name = "serial", value = serial}, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}

3.3 RedirectToRouteResult的例子

public ActionResult Serial(string lettercase)
{
var serial = "ASP.NET mvc5";
if (lettercase == "lower")
{
serial = serial.ToLower();
}
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

4 Action Selector

4.1 HttpPost

public ActionResult Contact()
{
ViewBag.TheMessage = "有问题的话请留言哦~"; return View();
} [HttpPost]
public ActionResult Contact(string message)
{
ViewBag.TheMessage = "感谢你的留言~"; return View();
}

对应的视图

<form method="POST">
<input type="text" name="message"/>
<input type="submit"/>
</form>

4.1.1 防止CSRF,使用ValidateAntiForgeryToken

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Create([Bind(Include = "ID,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price")] Movie movie)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
db.Movies.Add(movie);
db.SaveChanges();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
} return View(movie);
}

对应的视图使用@Html.AntiForgeryToken

@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
@Html.AntiForgeryToken() <div class="form-horizontal">
<h4>Movie</h4>
<hr />
@Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
<div class="form-group">
@Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
<div class="col-md-10">
@Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
</div>
</div>

4.1.2 验证Post请求 ModelState.IsValid

使用ModelState.IsValid来验证发送来的模型是否正常。

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include="ID,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price")] Movie movie)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
db.Entry(movie).State = EntityState.Modified;
db.SaveChanges();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
return View(movie);
}

4.2 ActionName

[ActionName("about-the-site")]
public ActionResult About()
{
ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page."; return View("About");
}

此时访问地址就是http://localhost:17681/Home/about-the-site

4.3 Route

[Route("home/create")]
public ActionResult Create()
{ }

5. 过滤器

常见的过滤器

5.1 Authorize属性

[Authorize(Roles="administrator", Users="liulx")]
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Create(Customer customer)
{
db.Customers.Add(customer);
db.SaveChanges();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

Authorize可以不带参数,修饰class,如果class是Authorize修饰的,那么可以用[AllowAnonymous]修饰对应的方法允许匿名访问。

5.2 Action filter

创建自定义的Action Filter:

  • 继承ActionFilterAttribute
  • 重写OnActionExecuting方法,该方法在Action之前执行
  • 重写OnActionExecuted方法,该方法在Action之后执行
public class MyLoggingFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
{
var request = filterContext.HttpContext.Request;
// Logger.logRequest(request.UserHostAddress);
base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
}
}

调用

[MyLoggingFilter]
public ActionResult Index()
{
// throw new *Exception();
return View();
}

要想在全局应用自定义的Filter,可以这样:

public class FilterConfig
{
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
{
//添加自定义Filter
filters.Add(new MyLoggingFilterAttribute());
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
}
}

5.3 Result Filter

[OutputCache(Duration=1800)]
public ActionResult Index()
{
// throw new *Exception();
return View();
} [OutputCache(Duration=1800, VaryByParam="id")]
public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
Product p = db.Products.Find(id);
return View(p);
}

5.4 Exception Filter

[HandleError(View="MyError")]
public ActionResult Index()
{
// throw new *Exception();
return View();
} [HandleError(View="MyError2", ExceptionType=typeof(DivideByZeroException))]
public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
Product p = db.Products.Find(id);
return View(p);
}