自.NET2.0以来增加了System.Transactions命名空间,为.NET应用程序带来了一个新的事务编程模型。
这个命名空间提供了几个依赖的TransactionXXX类。Transaction是所有事务处理类的基类,并且定义了所有事务类都可以使用的属性、方法和事件。CommittableTransaction是唯一个支持提交的事务类,这个类有一个Commit()方法,所有其他事务类都只能执行回滚。
本文将通过银行转账的示例介绍基于 Transaction 类的分布式显式事务的用法。
在MySql中建立如下表:
注意Balance是无符号的decimal类型(如下图)
插入测试数据:
(转账成功的测试数据):
(转账失败的测试数据):
示例代码:
(1)SqlHelper.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Configuration;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Data;
namespace 事务处理
{
public class SqlHelper
{
public static string GetConnection()
{
string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
return connStr;
}
public static int ExecuteNonQuery(Transaction transaction,string sql,params MySqlParameter[] parameters)
{
int result = -1;
using (MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(GetConnection()))
{
conn.Open();
if (null != transaction)
{
conn.EnlistTransaction(transaction); //将连接登记到事务
}
using (MySqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
return result;
}
public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sql, params MySqlParameter[] parameters)
{
using (MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(GetConnection()))
{
using (MySqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters);
using (MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd))
{
using (DataSet ds = new DataSet())
{
da.Fill(ds);
return ds.Tables[0];
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
(2)Bankaccountn.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System.Data;
using System.Transactions;
namespace 事务处理
{
public class Bankaccountn
{
public Bankaccountn(string bankaccountnId)
{
string sql = @"SELECT * FROM Bankaccountn WHERE BankaccountnId=@BankaccountnId;";
DataTable dt = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataTable(sql, new MySqlParameter("@BankaccountnId", bankaccountnId));
if (dt.Rows.Count <= 0)
{
throw new Exception("账户不存在!");
}
else if (dt.Rows.Count > 1)
{
throw new Exception("异常信息:有重名的账户存在!");
}
else
{
this.bankaccountnId = dt.Rows[0]["BankaccountnId"] as string;
this.UserName = dt.Rows[0]["UserName"] as string;
this.Balance = Convert.ToDecimal(dt.Rows[0]["Balance"]);
}
}
private string bankaccountnId;
public string UserName
{
get;
private set;
}
public decimal Balance
{
get;
private set;
}
protected int Update(Transaction transaction)
{
string sql = @"UPDATE bankaccountn SET UserName = @UserName,Balance = @Balance
WHERE BankaccountnId= @BankaccountnId;";
return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, sql, new MySqlParameter("@BankaccountnId", this.bankaccountnId), new MySqlParameter("@UserName", this.UserName), new MySqlParameter("@Balance", this.Balance));
}
#region 支出 + Epend(Transaction transaction, decimal money)
public void Epend(Transaction transaction, decimal money)
{
this.Balance -= money;
this.Update(transaction);
}
#endregion
#region 收入 + Income(Transaction transaction, decimal money)
public void Income(Transaction transaction, decimal money)
{
this.Balance += money;
this.Update(transaction);
}
#endregion
public bool TransferOfAccount(string incomeBankaccountnId, decimal money)
{
using (var transaction = new CommittableTransaction())
{
try
{
Bankaccountn incomeBankaccountn = new Bankaccountn(incomeBankaccountnId);
incomeBankaccountn.Income(transaction, money); //收款账户入账
this.Epend(transaction, money); //付款账户支出
transaction.Commit();
return true;
}
catch
{
transaction.Rollback();
//这里写做异常信息的记录的代码
return false;
}
}
}
}
}
(3)测试代码
Bankaccountn one = new Bankaccountn("6666660123456789");
if (one.TransferOfAccount("6666669876543210", 200M))
{
Response.Write("<script>alert('转账成功')</script>");
}
else
{
Response.Write("<script>alert('转账失败')</script>");
}
代码分析:
创建基于 Transaction 类的分布式显式事务步骤如下:
1)实例化一个可提交的CommittableTransaction对象;
2)将要参与事务的连接通过MySqlConnection对象的EnlistTransaction(Transaction transaction)登记到上一步创建的CommittableTransaction对象上;
3)如果事务可以成功完成,使用CommittableTransaction对象的Commit()方法提交事务处理结果;
4)如果事务处理中发生错误,就调用CommittableTransaction对象的Rollback()方法,撤销每一个修改。
这样分析下来是不是和上一节的ADO.NET事务一样简单?