下面完成一个简单的计算器通过语法树进行计算,首先定义一个语法树的结构,然后编写flex文件,解析数字或符号,对于 符号返回本身,对于数字,返回NUMBER,并对yylval的d进行赋值,yylval指向一个联合类型,接着,在语法分析器中完成语法树的节点的增加,分别对应数字和符号有不同的增加方式,最后有一个单独的C代码处理计算,以及语法树相关计算的函数。对结果的计算的方式是对语法树进行递归。
词法分析器为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % cat myast.l
%option noyywrap nodefault yylineno
%{
#include "myast.h"
#include "myast.tab.h"
char buffer[20];
%}
EXP ([Ee][-+]?[0-9]+)
%%
"+" | "-" | "*" | "/" | "(" | ")" | "|" {
return yytext[0];
}
[0-9]+ "." [0-9]*{EXP}?| "." ?[0-9]+{EXP}? {
yylval.d= atof (yytext);
return NUMBER;
}
\n { return EOL;}
"//" .*
[ \t] {}
"Q" { exit (0);}
. { sprintf (buffer, "invalid character %c\n" ,*yytext); yyerror(buffer);}
%%
|
语法分析器为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % cat myast.y
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "myast.h"
%}
% union {
struct myast *mya;
double d;
}
%token <d> NUMBER
%token EOL
%type <mya> exp factor term
%%
calclist:|calclist exp EOL{
printf ( "= %g\n" ,eval($2));
treefree($2);
printf ( "$" );
}
|calclist EOL{ printf ( "$" );}
;
exp :factor| exp '+' factor {$$=newast( '+' ,$1,$3);}
| exp '-' factor{$$=newast( '-' ,$1,$3);}
;
factor:term
|factor '*' term {$$=newast( '*' ,$1,$3);}
|factor '/' term {$$=newast( '/' ,$1,$3);}
;
term:NUMBER{$$=newnum($1);}
| '|' term{$$=newast( '|' ,$2,NULL);}
| '(' exp ')' {$$=$2;}
| '-' term {$$=newast( 'M' ,$2,NULL);}
;
%%
|
然后头文件 为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % cat myast.h
extern int yylineno;
void yyerror( char *s);
struct ast{
int nodetype;
struct ast *l;
struct ast *r;
};
struct numval{
int nodetype;
double number;
};
struct ast *newast( int nodetype, struct ast *l, struct ast *r);
struct ast *newnum( double d);
double eval( struct ast *);
void treefree( struct ast *);
|
C代码文件的内容为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % cat myastfunc.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "myast.h"
struct ast * newast( int nodetype, struct ast *l, struct ast *r)
{
struct ast *a= malloc ( sizeof ( struct ast));
if (!a){
yyerror( "out of space" );
exit (0);
}
a->nodetype=nodetype;
a->l=l;
a->r=r;
return a;
}
struct ast * newnum( double d)
{
struct numval *a= malloc ( sizeof ( struct numval));
if (!a)
{
yyerror( "out of space" );
exit (0);
}
a->nodetype= 'D' ;
a->number=d;
return ( struct ast *)a;
}
double eval( struct ast *a){
double v;
switch (a->nodetype){
case 'D' :v=(( struct numval *)a)->number; break ;
case '+' :v=eval(a->l)+eval(a->r); break ;
case '-' :v=eval(a->l)-eval(a->r); break ;
case '*' :v=eval(a->l)*eval(a->r); break ;
case '/' :v=eval(a->l)/eval(a->r); break ;
case '|' :v=eval(a->l);v=v<0?v:-v; break ;
case 'M' :v=-eval(a->l); break ;
defaut: printf ( "bad node:%c\n" ,a->nodetype);
}
return v;
}
void treefree( struct ast*a)
{
switch (a->nodetype){
case '+' :
case '-' :
case '*' :
case '/' :
treefree(a->r);
case '|' :
case 'M' :
treefree(a->l);
case 'D' :
free (a);
break ;
default : printf ( "free bad node %c\n" ,a->nodetype);
}
}
void yyerror( char *s){
fprintf (stderr, "line %d error!:%s" ,yylineno,s);
}
int main()
{
printf ( "$ " );
return yyparse();
}
|
Makefile文件为:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % cat makefile
myjs:myast.l myast.y myast.h
bison -d myast.y
flex -omyast.lex.c myast.l
cc -o $@ myast.tab.c myast.lex.c myastfunc.c
dp@dp:~/flexbison %
|
运行效果如下
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
dp@dp:~/flexbison % ./myjs
$ 12+99
= 111
$11*(9-3)+6/3
= 68
$Q
dp@dp:~/flexbison %
|
原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/13959448/2337588