使用命令行工具mysqlimport导入数据
Usage: mysqlimport [OPTIONS] database textfile...
默认从以下路径中文件读取默认参数
/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
1、常用选项：
--fields-terminated-by=字符串：设置字符串为字段之间的分隔符，可以为单个或多个字符。默认值为制表符“\t”。
-L, --local：表示从客户端任意路径读取文件导入表中，未设置该选项时，默认只从datadir下同名数据库目录下读取文件导入
--ignore-lines=n：表示可以忽略前n行。
-l, --lock-tables：写入时锁定所有表
-p, --password[=name]：指定用户密码
-u, --user=name：指定登入MySQL用户名
-h, --host=name：指定远程连接的服务器
-c, --columns=name：往表里导入指定字段，如：--columns='Name,Age,Gender'
-C, --compress：在客户端和服务器之间启用压缩传递所有信息
其它可用选项和默认参数设置可以使用mysqlimport -help查询
2、用法示例：
例1：基本用法
mysql> create table classes3 like classes;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes3.sql --fields-terminated-by="|"
hellodb.classes3: Records: 10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from classes3;
+---------+----------------+----------+
| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |
+---------+----------------+----------+
| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |
| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |
| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |
| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |
| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |
| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |
| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |
| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |
| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |
| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |
+---------+----------------+----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例2：指定--local选项，可以从本机任意路径导入数据
mysql> create table classes2 likeclasses;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec):
[root@www tmp]# cp classes2.sql /tmp
[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb /tmp/classes2.sql
hellodb.classes2: Records: 10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from classes2;
+---------+----------------+----------+
| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |
+---------+----------------+----------+
| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |
| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |
| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |
| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |
| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |
| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |
| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |
| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |
| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |
| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |
+---------+----------------+----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例3：未指定--local选项，无法从my.cnf中定义的其它路径中往表里导入数据
mysql> delete from classes2;
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec)
[root@www ~]# head /tmp/classes2.sql -n 3
1 ShaolinPai 10
2 EmeiPai 7
3 QingChengPai 11
[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u root hellodb/tmp/classes2.sql
mysqlimport: Error: 29, File '/tmp/classes2.sql'not found (Errcode: 13), when using table: classes2
例4：未指定--local选项，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入表中，必须指定绝对路径。
mysql> delete from students1;
Query OK, 27 rows affected (2.60 sec)
[root@www tmp]# sed 's/\t/\|/g'students.sql> students1.sql
[root@www tmp]# head -n 2 students1.sql
1|Shi Zhongyu|22|M|2|3
2|Shi Potian|22|M|1|7
[root@www tmp]# cd
[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"
mysqlimport: Error: 13, Can't get stat of'/var/lib/mysql/hellodb/students1.sql' (Errcode: 2), when using table:students1
未设置--local选项时，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入
[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb /var/lib/mysql/tmp/students1.sql--fields-terminated="|"
hellodb.students1: Records: 27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
例5：数据库存放表目录下同名文件导入表中，只需指定文件名
mysql> delete from students1;
Query OK, 27 rows affected (0.47 sec)
[root@www ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/
[root@www hellodb]# cp ../tmp/students1.sql.
将数据移到hellodb目录下，成功导入数据
[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"
hellodb.students1: Records: 27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
--fields-terminated="|"：指定字段分隔符
mysql> select * from students1 limit5,3;
+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例6：忽略前5行数据导入表中
[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes2.sql --ignore-lines=5
hellodb.classes2: Records: 5 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
--ignore-lines=n：指定忽略前n行
mysql> select * from classes2;
+---------+--------------+----------+
| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |
+---------+--------------+----------+
| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |
| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27|
| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |
| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |
| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |
+---------+--------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例7：往非空表中导入数据
[root@www hellodb]# >students1.sql
[root@www hellodb]# vim students1.sql
[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"
hellodb.students1: Records: 6 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
[root@www hellodb]# more students1.sql
|Meng Qi D|17|M|2|3
|SuoLong|22|M|1|7
|Xiang Kesi|43|M|2|16
|KaiDuo|52|M|4|4
|JoBa|12|M|3|1
|Nami|18|F|4|1
[root@www hellodb]#
mysql> select * from students1 limit27,6;
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 28 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 29 | SuoLong | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 30 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 31 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 32 | JoBa | 12 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 33 | Nami | 18 | F | 4 | 1 |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.17 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from students1 ;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 33 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
数据会追加在表后
例8、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段
mysql> drop table students1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.89 sec)
mysql> create table students1 likestudents;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.57 sec)
[root@test mysql]# more /tmp/students1.sql
Meng Qi D|17|M
SuoLong|22|M
Xiang Kesi|43|M
KaiDuo|52|M
JoBa|12|M|
Nami|18|F|
Luo Bing|25|F
Wu Suopu|20|M
[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,Age,Gender'
hellodb.students1: Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
--columns='Name,Age,Gender'：指定导入那些字段
-h 192.168.88.131：指定远程登录主机名
mysql> select * from students1;
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 2 | SuoLong | 22 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 4 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 5 | JoBa | 12 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 6 | Nami | 18 | F | NULL | NULL |
| 7 | Luo Bing | 25 | F | NULL | NULL |
| 8 | Wu Suopu | 20 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
例9、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段，采用压缩传递数据的形式
mysql> drop table students1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.75 sec)
mysql> create table students1 likestudents;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.66 sec)
[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local -C --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,ClassID,Gender'
hellodb.students1: Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
-C：指定压缩方式传递数据
mysql> select * from students1;
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Meng Qi D | 0 | M | 17 | NULL |
| 2 | SuoLong | 0 | M | 22 | NULL |
| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 0 | M | 43 | NULL |
| 4 | KaiDuo | 0 | M | 52 | NULL |
| 5 | JoBa | 0 | M | 12 | NULL |
| 6 | Nami | 0 | F | 18 | NULL |
| 7 | Luo Bing | 0 | F | 25 | NULL |
| 8 | Wu Suopu | 0 | M | 20 | NULL |
+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)