使用Python进行MySQL的库主要有三个,Python-MySQL(更熟悉的名字可能是MySQLdb),PyMySQL和SQLAlchemy。
Python-MySQL资格最老,核心由C语言打造,接口精炼,性能最棒,缺点是环境依赖较多,安装复杂,近两年已停止更新,只支持Python2,不支持Python3。
PyMySQL为替代Python-MySQL而生,纯python打造,接口与Python-MySQL兼容,安装方便,支持Python3。
SQLAlchemy是一个ORM框架,它并不提供底层的数据库操作,而是要借助于MySQLdb、PyMySQL等第三方库来完成,目前SQLAlchemy在Web编程领域应用广泛。
本文主要介绍PyMySQL的正确使用方法,示例代码都是选自实战项目。
安装
简单的方式:
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pip install pymysql
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如果无法联网,需要进行离线安装,例如:
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pip install pymysql - x.x.x.tar.gz
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导入
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import pymysql
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连接
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def connect_wxremit_db():
return pymysql.connect(host = '10.123.5.28' ,
port = 3306 ,
user = 'root' ,
password = 'root1234' ,
database = 'db_name' ,
charset = 'latin1' )
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查询
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def query_country_name(cc2):
sql_str = ( "SELECT Fcountry_name_zh"
+ " FROM t_country_code"
+ " WHERE Fcountry_2code='%s'" % (cc2))
logging.info(sql_str)
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute(sql_str)
rows = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
con.close()
assert len (rows) = = 1 , 'Fatal error: country_code does not exists!'
return rows[ 0 ][ 0 ]
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简单插入
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def insert_file_rec( self , file_name, file_md5):
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try :
sql_str = ( "INSERT INTO t_forward_file (Ffile_name, Ffile_md5)" ,
+ " VALUES ('%s', '%s')" % (file_name, file_md5))
cur.execute(sql_str)
con.commit()
except :
con.rollback()
logging.exception( 'Insert operation error' )
raise
finally :
cur.close()
con.close()
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批量插入
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remit_ids = [( '1234' , 'CAD' ), ( '5678' , 'HKD' )]
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try :
cur.executemany( "INSERT INTO t_order (Fremit_id, Fcur_type, Fcreate_time"
+ " VALUES (%s, %s, now())" , new_items)
assert cur.rowcount = = len (remit_ids), 'my error message'
con.commit()
except Exception as e:
con.rollback()
logging.exception( 'Insert operation error' )
finally :
cur.close()
con.close()
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更新
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def update_refund_trans( self , remit_id):
con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
cur = con.cursor()
try :
sql_str = ( "SELECT Fremit_id"
+ " FROM t_wxrefund_trans"
+ " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
+ " FOR UPDATE" )
logging.info(sql_str)
cur.execute(sql_str)
assert cur.rowcount = = 1 , 'Fatal error: The wx-refund record be deleted!'
sql_str = ( "UPDATE t_wxrefund_trans"
+ " SET Fcheck_amount_flag=1"
+ ", Fmodify_time=now()"
+ " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
logging.info(sql_str)
cur.execute(sql_str)
assert cur.rowcount = = 1 , 'The number of affected rows not equal to 1'
con.commit()
except :
con.rollback()
logging.exception( 'Update operation error' )
raise
finally :
cur.close()
con.close()
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PyMySQL已经相当成熟,和Python-MySQL一样,它在很多Linux发行版本中都是可选的安装组件。
感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!
原文链接:https://www.qcloud.com/community/article/687813