数组拼接方法一
思路:首先将数组转成列表,然后利用列表的拼接函数append()、extend()等进行拼接处理,最后将列表转成数组。
示例1:
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>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([ 1 , 2 , 5 ])
>>> b = np.array([ 10 , 12 , 15 ])
>>> a_list = list (a)
>>> b_list = list (b)
>>> a_list.extend(b_list)
>>> a_list
[ 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 12 , 15 ]
>>> a = np.array(a_list)
>>> a
array([ 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 12 , 15 ])
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该方法只适用于简单的一维数组拼接,由于转换过程很耗时间,对于大量数据的拼接一般不建议使用。
数组拼接方法二
思路:numpy提供了numpy.append(arr, values, axis=none)函数。对于参数规定,要么一个数组和一个数值;要么两个数组,不能三个及以上数组直接append拼接。
示例2:
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>>> a = np.arange( 5 )
>>> a
array([ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ])
>>> np.append(a, 10 )
array([ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 10 ])
>>> a
array([ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ])
>>> b = np.array([ 11 , 22 , 33 ])
>>> b
array([ 11 , 22 , 33 ])
>>> np.append(a,b)
array([ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 11 , 22 , 33 ])
>>> a
array([[ 1 , 2 , 3 ],
[ 4 , 5 , 6 ]])
>>> b = np.array([[ 7 , 8 , 9 ],[ 10 , 11 , 12 ]])
>>> b
array([[ 7 , 8 , 9 ],
[ 10 , 11 , 12 ]])
>>> np.append(a,b)
array([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ])
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numpy的数组没有动态改变大小的功能,numpy.append()函数每次都会重新分配整个数组,并把原来的数组复制到新数组中。
数组拼接方法三
思路:numpy提供了numpy.concatenate((a1,a2,...), axis=0)函数。能够一次完成多个数组的拼接。其中a1,a2,...是数组类型的参数
示例3:
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>>> a = np.array([ 1 , 2 , 3 ])
>>> b = np.array([ 11 , 22 , 33 ])
>>> c = np.array([ 44 , 55 , 66 ])
>>> np.concatenate((a,b,c),axis = 0 ) # 默认情况下,axis=0可以不写
array([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 11 , 22 , 33 , 44 , 55 , 66 ]) #对于一维数组拼接,axis的值不影响最后的结果
>>> a = np.array([[ 1 , 2 , 3 ],[ 4 , 5 , 6 ]])
>>> b = np.array([[ 11 , 21 , 31 ],[ 7 , 8 , 9 ]])
>>> np.concatenate((a,b),axis = 0 )
array([[ 1 , 2 , 3 ],
[ 4 , 5 , 6 ],
[ 11 , 21 , 31 ],
[ 7 , 8 , 9 ]])
>>> np.concatenate((a,b),axis = 1 ) #axis=1表示对应行的数组进行拼接
array([[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 11 , 21 , 31 ],
[ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]])
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对numpy.append()和numpy.concatenate()两个函数的运行时间进行比较
示例4:
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>>> from time import clock as now
>>> a = np.arange( 9999 )
>>> b = np.arange( 9999 )
>>> time1 = now()
>>> c = np.append(a,b)
>>> time2 = now()
>>> print time2 - time1
28.2316728446
>>> a = np.arange( 9999 )
>>> b = np.arange( 9999 )
>>> time1 = now()
>>> c = np.concatenate((a,b),axis = 0 )
>>> time2 = now()
>>> print time2 - time1
20.3934997107
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可知,concatenate()效率更高,适合大规模的数据拼接
ps:更多示例
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import numpy as np
a = np.array([[ 1 , 2 ], [ 3 , 4 ]])
a.shape
out[ 3 ]: ( 2 , 2 )
b = np.array([[ 5 , 6 ]])
b.shape
out[ 5 ]: ( 1 , 2 )
np.concatenate((a, b))
out[ 6 ]:
array([[ 1 , 2 ],
[ 3 , 4 ],
[ 5 , 6 ]])
c = np.concatenate((a, b))
c.shape
out[ 8 ]: ( 3 , 2 )
d = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 0 )
d.shape
out[ 10 ]: ( 3 , 2 )
e = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 1 )
traceback (most recent call last):
file "<ipython-input-11-05a280a2cb02>" , line 1 , in <module>
e = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 1 )
valueerror: all the input array dimensions except for the concatenation axis must match exactly
e = np.concatenate((a, b.t), axis = 1 )
e.shape
out[ 13 ]: ( 2 , 3 )
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[ 1 , 2 ], [ 3 , 4 ]])
a.shape
out[ 3 ]: ( 2 , 2 )
b = np.array([[ 5 , 6 ]])
b.shape
out[ 5 ]: ( 1 , 2 )
np.concatenate((a, b))
out[ 6 ]:
array([[ 1 , 2 ],
[ 3 , 4 ],
[ 5 , 6 ]])
c = np.concatenate((a, b))
c.shape
out[ 8 ]: ( 3 , 2 )
d = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 0 )
d.shape
out[ 10 ]: ( 3 , 2 )
e = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 1 )
traceback (most recent call last):
file "<ipython-input-11-05a280a2cb02>" , line 1 , in <module>
e = np.concatenate((a, b), axis = 1 )
valueerror: all the input array dimensions except for the concatenation axis must match exactly
e = np.concatenate((a, b.t), axis = 1 )
e.shape
out[ 13 ]: ( 2 , 3 )
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38150441/article/details/80488800