HttpClient使用详细教程

时间：2023-12-16 15:19:02

Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了，HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性（具体区别，日后我们再讨论），它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便了开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），即提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。

org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient与org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的区别

Commons的HttpClient项目现在是生命的尽头，不再被开发,

已被Apache HttpComponents项目HttpClient和的HttpCore

模组取代，提供更好的性能和更大的灵活性。

一、简介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

二、特性

1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1

2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。

3. 支持HTTPS协议。

4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。

5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。

7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。

8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。

9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。

10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。

12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。

13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。

15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。

16. 设置连接超时的能力。

17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

三、使用方法

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

相关jar包
commons-cli-1.2.jar

commons-codec-1.9.jar

commons-logging-1.2.jar

fluent-hc-4.5..jar

httpclient-4.5..jar

httpclient-cache-4.5..jar

httpclient-win-4.5..jar

httpcore-4.4..jar

httpcore-ab-4.4..jar

httpcore-nio-4.4..jar

httpmime-4.5..jar

jna-4.1..jar

jna-platform-4.1..jar
最简单post请求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683 
package a;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class First {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));

        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));

        HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

        .setConnectTimeout(5000)//一、连接超时：connectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间

                .setSocketTimeout(5000)// 二、读取数据超时：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间

                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

                .build();

        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");

        post.setEntity(reqEntity);

        post.setConfig(requestConfig);

        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();

            String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");

            System.out.println(message);

        } else {

            System.out.println("请求失败");

        }

    }

}

四、实例

主文件

package com.test;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.security.KeyManagementException;

import java.security.KeyStore;

import java.security.KeyStoreException;

import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.ParseException;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.junit.Test;

public class HttpClientTest {

　　//方法见下........

}

HttpClientUtils工具类

package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;

import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.*;

public class HttpClientUtils {

    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;

    private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;

    private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;

    private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;

    private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;

    private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";

    private static int PORT = 80;

    static {

        //设置http的状态参数

        requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

                .setSocketTimeout(5000)

                .setConnectTimeout(5000)

                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

                .build();

        HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);

        connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();

        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);//客户端总并行链接最大数

        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);//每个主机的最大并行链接数

        connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);

        httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();

        httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);

    }

    public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {

        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();

        return httpClient;

    }

    public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {

        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();

        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {

            String name = e.getKey();

            String value = e.getValue();

            NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);

            params.add(pair);

        }

        HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;

        if ("post".equals(method)) {

            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)

                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))

                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();

        } else if ("get".equals(method)) {

            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)

                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))

                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();

        }

        return reqMethod;

    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

        map.put("account", "");

        map.put("password", "");

        HttpClient client = getConnection();

        HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");

        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

            String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");

            System.out.println(message);

        } else {

            System.out.println("请求失败");

        }

    }

}

get方式

/**

     * 发送 get请求

     */

    public void get() {

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        try {

            // 创建httpget.

            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");

            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());

            // 执行get请求.

            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);

            try {

                // 获取响应实体

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");

                // 打印响应状态

                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());

                if (entity != null) {

                    // 打印响应内容长度

                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());

                    // 打印响应内容

                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));

                }

                System.out.println("------------------------------------");

            } finally {

                response.close();

            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (ParseException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            // 关闭连接,释放资源

            try {

                httpclient.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

post方式

/**

     * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果

     */

    public void post() {

        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 创建httppost

        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");

        // 创建参数队列

        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));

        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;

        try {

            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");

            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());

            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

            try {

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

                if (entity != null) {

                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");

                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));

                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");

                }

            } finally {

                response.close();

            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

            e1.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            // 关闭连接,释放资源

            try {

                httpclient.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

post方式乱码补充　

如果有乱码,可以偿试使用 StringEntity 来替换HttpEntity:

StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码

        content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");

        content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

        httppost.setEntity(content);

具体SOAP协议代码如下:

package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import java.util.Scanner;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.jdom.Document;

import org.jdom.Element;

import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;

import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;

import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;

/**

 * 德勤定价系统,由核心主动调用

 * @author King

 *

 */

public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {

    private  String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());

    public String invoke(String sRequest) {

        StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();

        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");

        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");

        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");

        soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");

        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");

        soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");

        soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");

        soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");

        soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");

        soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");

        soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");

        soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");

        HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);

        StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码

        content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");

        content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

        httppost.setEntity(content);

        //用下面的服务器端以UTF-8接收到的报文会乱码,原因未知

//        HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(

//                ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN

//                .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();

//        httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);

//        httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",

//                "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");

        HttpResponse response = null;

        Document doc = null;

        String returnXml = null;

        String sentity = null;

        try {

            response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();

            if (resEntity != null) {

                sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");

                doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);

                System.out.println(doc.toString());

                Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();

                Element body = eRoot.getChild("Body", eRoot.getNamespace());

                Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get(0);

                Element returnele = resp.getChild("return");

                returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();

            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            log.info("发送给德勤定价系统的请求报文：\n" + soapRequestData.toString());

            log.info("德勤定价系统返回的响应报文：\n" + sentity);

            log.info("返回给核心的的报文:\n" + returnXml);

        }

        return returnXml;

    }

    public String getServiceUrl() {

        return serviceUrl;

    }

    public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {

        this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        File file = new File("D:/浙商项目资料/z浙江资料/t唐建华/德勤定价调试报文.txt");

        System.out.println(file.exists());

        String temp2 = null;

        StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();

        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");

        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

        temp2 = br.readLine();

        while( temp2 != null ){

            sb2.append(temp2);

            temp2 = br.readLine();

        }

        String sss = sb2.toString();

//        System.out.println(sss.toString());

        new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);

    }

}

post提交表单

/**

     * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求）

     */

    public void postForm() {

        // 创建默认的httpClient实例.

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 创建httppost

        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");

        // 创建参数队列

        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));

        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));

        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;

        try {

            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");

            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());

            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

            try {

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

                if (entity != null) {

                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");

                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));

                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");

                }

            } finally {

                response.close();

            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

            e1.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            // 关闭连接,释放资源

            try {

                httpclient.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

文件上传

/**

     * 上传文件

     */

    public void upload() {

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        try {

            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); 

            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));

            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); 

            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); 

            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); 

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());

            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

            try {

                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");

                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());

                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();

                if (resEntity != null) {

                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());

                }

                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);

            } finally {

                response.close();

            }

        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            try {

                httpclient.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

ssl连接

/**

     * HttpClient连接SSL

     */

    public void ssl() {

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;

        try {

            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));

            try {

                // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore

                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());

            } catch (CertificateException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } finally {

                try {

                    instream.close();

                } catch (Exception ignore) {

                }

            }

            // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书

            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();

            // 只允许使用TLSv1协议

            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,

                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);

            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();

            // 创建http请求(get方式)

            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");

            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());

            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);

            try {

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

                System.out.println("----------------------------------------");

                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());

                if (entity != null) {

                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());

                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));

                    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

                }

            } finally {

                response.close();

            }

        } catch (ParseException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            if (httpclient != null) {

                try {

                    httpclient.close();

                } catch (IOException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

            }

        }

    }

关于RequestConfig的配置:

源自:

http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944

http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945

public void requestConfig(){

//      新建一个RequestConfig：

        RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

            //一、连接目标服务器超时时间：ConnectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间

            .setConnectTimeout(5000)

            //二、读取目标服务器数据超时时间：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间

            .setSocketTimeout(5000)

            //三、从连接池获取连接的超时时间:ConnectionRequestTimeout

            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

            .build();

//      这个超时可以设置为客户端级别,作为所有请求的默认值：

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()

            .setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)

            .build();

//       httpclient.execute(httppost);的时候可以让httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默认配置.

//      Request不会继承客户端级别的请求配置，所以在自定义Request的时候，需要将客户端的默认配置拷贝过去：

        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)

            .setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))

            .build();

        httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);

//      httpget可以单独地使用新copy的requestConfig请求配置,不会对别的request请求产生影响

    }

httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差异

//httpPost.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求,所以个人理应,用这个应该可以在session中虚拟登录

 //httpPost.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session

根所以上差异,可知模拟登录可以如下:  源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343

package com.bms.core;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.Consts;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;

public class Test2 {

    /**

     * @param args

     * @throws IOException

     * @throws ClientProtocolException

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

        DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

         HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");

         String body = "";

         HttpResponse response;

         HttpEntity entity;

         response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);

         entity = response.getEntity();

         body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);//这个就是页面源码了

         httpGet.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求

         System.out.println(body);

         //httpGet.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session

         //以下是post方法

         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//一定要改成可以提交的地址,这里用百度代替

         List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();

         nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值对

         nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));

         httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));

         response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);

         entity = response.getEntity();

         body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

         System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//这个可以打印状态

         httpPost.abort();

         System.out.println(body);

         httpPost.releaseConnection();

    }

}

源自  http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply

其它相关资料:非CloseableHttpClient  HTTPClient模块的HttpGet和HttpPost

HttpClient 4.3教程

我的源码

httpclient异常情况分析

我项目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)

package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InterruptedIOException;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;

import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;

import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;

import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;

import org.apache.http.config.Registry;

import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;

import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;

import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 

    static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//总最大连接数

    static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每条线路最大连接数 = 本系统核心线程数 , 这样永远不会超过最大连接

     public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {

            if (null == httpclient) {

                synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {

                    if (null == httpclient) {

                        httpclient = getNewHttpClient();

                    }

                }

            }

            return httpclient;

        }

       private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {

            // 设置连接池

            ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();

            LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();

            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();

            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);

            // 配置最大连接数

            cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);

            // 配置每条线路的最大连接数

            cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);

            // 请求重试处理

            HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {

                @Override

                public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,

                        int executionCount, HttpContext context) {

                    if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃

                        return false;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试

                        return true;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常

                        return false;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时

                        return false;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达

                        return false;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝

                        return false;

                    }

                    if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常

                        return false;

                    }

                    HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);

                    HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();

                    if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {

                        return true;

                    }

                    return false;

                }

            };

            CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=null;

                newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()

                                           .setConnectionManager(cm)

//                                           .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)

                                           .setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)

                                           .build();

             return newHttpclient;

       }

}

我自己整理的HttpClientTool (2017/06/01)

package com.isoftstone.core.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InterruptedIOException;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;

import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;

import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;

import org.apache.http.config.Registry;

import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;

import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;

import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;

/**

 * org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient链接池生成工具

 * @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html

 * @author King

 * @date 20170601

 */

public class HttpClientTool {

    // org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient

    private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;

    // 这里就直接默认固定了,因为以下三个参数在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置并被覆盖.

    static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,从池中获取链接超时时间

    static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立链接超时时间

    static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,读取超时时间

    // 总配置,主要涉及是以下两个参数,如果要作调整没有用到properties会比较后麻烦,但鉴于一经粘贴,随处可用的特点,就不再做依赖性配置化处理了.

    // 而且这个参数同一家公司基本不会变动.

    static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大总并发,很重要的参数

    static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路并发,很重要的参数

    // 正常情况这里应该配成MAP或LIST

    // 细化配置参数,用来对每路参数做精细化处理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默认配置请求baidu:80端口最大100个并发链接,

    static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每个细化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)

    static final int detailPort = 80;// 每个细化配置之port(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)

    static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每个细化配置之最大并发数(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)

    public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {

        if (null == httpclient) {

            synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {

                if (null == httpclient) {

                    httpclient = init();

                }

            }

        }

        return httpclient;

    }

    /**

     * 链接池初始化 这里最重要的一点理解就是. 让CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost却一直用完就消掉.

     * 这样可以让链接一直保持着.

     *

     * @return

     */

    private static CloseableHttpClient init() {

        CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;

        // 设置连接池

        ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();

        LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();

        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();

        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);

        // 将最大连接数增加

        cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);

        // 将每个路由基础的连接增加

        cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);

        // 细化配置开始,其实这里用Map或List的for循环来配置每个链接,在特殊场景很有用.

        // 将每个路由基础的连接做特殊化配置,一般用不着

        HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);

        // 将目标主机的最大连接数增加

        cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);

        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),

        // detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有细化配置2

        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),

        // detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有细化配置3

        // 细化配置结束

        // 请求重试处理

        HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {

            @Override

            public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {

                if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃

                    return false;

                }

                if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试

                    return true;

                }

                if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常

                    return false;

                }

                if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时

                    return false;

                }

                if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达

                    return false;

                }

                if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝

                    return false;

                }

                if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常

                    return false;

                }

                HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);

                HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();

                // 如果请求是幂等的，就再次尝试

                if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {

                    return true;

                }

                return false;

            }

        };

        // 配置请求的超时设置

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();

        newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();

        return newHttpclient;

    }

}

异常列表

HttpClient使用详细教程

HttpClient使用详细教程

而服务端返回HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found 代表能连上主机,只是目标主机没有提供这个服务(请求的服务路径可能写错)

响应状态500,501,502,503等解释

FROM:http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html

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