安装完成后如何找回SQL Server实例安装时的序列号

时间:2022-11-04 22:07:11

当需要再次安装SQL Server时,如果序列号找不到了,可以试着从已经安装的实例里找回序列号,因为安装完SQL Server后,序列号(Product Key)被保存在注册表里;

MSDN订阅下载的安装包是内置序列号的,则没有这个困扰。

一. 序列号保存在哪

通过无文档记载的扩展存储过程xp_regread读取注册表:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
--For SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2
use master
GO
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup','ProductCode'
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup','DigitalProductID'
GO
--For SQL Server 2012
use master
GO
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup','ProductCode'
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup','DigitalProductId'
GO

不要被ProductCode迷惑,就算只安装了SQL Server客户端,注册表里也会有这个键值,并不是序列号,DigitalProductID才是,但经过了Base24编码,需要解码才行。

可以看到,对于不同版本,注册表的路径不一样,但是键是一致的。

Express版是免费的,没有序列号,从而注册表也没DigitalProductID这个键。

二. 如何解码序列号

1. Base24, Base64 编码简介

可能很多人听说过Base64编码,它用于对比较长的字符串进行编码,以方便传输;

Base24编码主要应用在序列号生成上,两者的实现思路是类似的,只是编码的模式有点变化。

Base64所对应的编码表是:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=

共计64个字符。

Base24所对应的编码表是:

BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789

共计24个字符,这里主要去掉了一些对于序列号来说不容易识别和容易混淆的字符。

SQL Server的序列号采用的是Base24编码,对编码后的字符进行解码,即可以得到原文。

编码/解码并不是加密/解密,没有秘钥的说法,只有字符转换的规则,Base24, Base64详细的算法可以在网上找到。

2. 利用Powershell 解码

以下powershell函数用于解码/找回SQL Server序列号,在SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2实例上测试通过:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
function Get-SQLServerKey {
  ## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2008 Server.
   param ($targets = ".")
  $hklm = 2147483650
  $regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup"
  $regValue1 = "DigitalProductId"
  $regValue2 = "PatchLevel"
  $regValue3 = "Edition"
  Foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $productKey = $null
    $win32os = $null
    $wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv"
    $data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1)
    [string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue
    [string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue
    $binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66]
    $charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
    ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
    For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
      $k = 0
      For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
        $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
        $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
        $k = $k % 24
     }
      $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
      If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
        $productKey = "-" + $productKey
      }
    }
    $win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target
    $obj = New-Object Object
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition
    $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey
    $obj
  }
}

SQL Server 2012序列号里字符的格式发生了变化,$binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16] 不同于SQL Server 2008的$binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66],同时别忘了改下注册表路径$regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup",修改后如下,在SQL Server 2012实例上测试通过:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
function Get-SQLServerKey {
## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2012 Server.
## by Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
## 2012 Modification by Xian Wang (daanno2@gmail.com)
param ($targets = ".")
$hklm = 2147483650
$regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup"
$regValue1 = "DigitalProductId"
$regValue2 = "PatchLevel"
$regValue3 = "Edition"
Foreach ($target in $targets) {
$productKey = $null
$win32os = $null
$wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv"
$data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1)
[string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue
[string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue
$binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16]
$charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
$k = 0
For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
$k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
$binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
$k = $k % 24
}
$productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
$productKey = "-" + $productKey
}
}
$win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target
$obj = New-Object Object
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey
$obj
}
}

3. 调用powershell函数并输出序列号

打开powershell,把上面的函数贴进去,回车,输入Get-SQLServerKey 并回车;

或者把上面的函数存为.ps1文件直接引用:

?
1
2
PS C:\Windows\system32> . C:\Users\username\Desktop\pk.ps1
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-SQLserverKey

输出结果如下,首尾几个字符被人为改成星号,没有贴出来。

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
Computer  : .
OSCaption : Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard
OSArch   : 64-bit
SQLver   : 11.2.5058.0
SQLedition : Developer Edition
ProductKey : *****-G8T4R-QW4XX-BVH62-*****

对于SQL Server 2000, 2005,由于手头没有环境,没有测试;对于Office,Windows系统,应该也都可以通过类似的方式拿到序列号。

以上内容就是关于安装完成后如何找回SQL Server实例安装时的序列号,希望大家有所帮助。