Java POI 导出EXCEL经典实现 Java导出Excel

时间：2023-12-16 08:48:50

转自http://blog.csdn.net/evangel_z/article/details/7332535

在web开发中，有一个经典的功能，就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出，在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍，因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF，我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。（注意，我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出！么误会啦^_^）

呵呵，首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI！我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包：http://poi.apache.org/ ，我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。

将3个jar包导入到classpath下，什么？忘了怎么导包？不会吧！好，我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类（所谓实用，是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的！）。我一直强调做类也好，做方法也好，一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么，熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道，这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错，大伙请看：

 import java.util.Date;

 public class Student

 {

     private long id;

     private String name;

     private int age;

     private boolean sex;

     private Date birthday;

     public Student()

     {

     }

     public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)

     {

         this.id = id;

         this.name = name;

         this.age = age;

         this.sex = sex;

         this.birthday = birthday;

     }

     public long getId()

     {

         return id;

     }

     public void setId(long id)

     {

         this.id = id;

     }

     public String getName()

     {

         return name;

     }

     public void setName(String name)

     {

         this.name = name;

     }

     public int getAge()

     {

         return age;

     }

     public void setAge(int age)

     {

         this.age = age;

     }

     public boolean getSex()

     {

         return sex;

     }

     public void setSex(boolean sex)

     {

         this.sex = sex;

     }

     public Date getBirthday()

     {

         return birthday;

     }

     public void setBirthday(Date birthday)

     {

         this.birthday = birthday;

     }

 }
 public class Book

 {

     private int bookId;

     private String name;

     private String author;

     private float price;

     private String isbn;

     private String pubName;

     private byte[] preface;

     public Book()

     {

     }

     public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,

             String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)

     {

         this.bookId = bookId;

         this.name = name;

         this.author = author;

         this.price = price;

         this.isbn = isbn;

         this.pubName = pubName;

         this.preface = preface;

     }

     public int getBookId()

     {

         return bookId;

     }

     public void setBookId(int bookId)

     {

         this.bookId = bookId;

     }

     public String getName()

     {

         return name;

     }

     public void setName(String name)

     {

         this.name = name;

     }

     public String getAuthor()

     {

         return author;

     }

     public void setAuthor(String author)

     {

         this.author = author;

     }

     public float getPrice()

     {

         return price;

     }

     public void setPrice(float price)

     {

         this.price = price;

     }

     public String getIsbn()

     {

         return isbn;

     }

     public void setIsbn(String isbn)

     {

         this.isbn = isbn;

     }

     public String getPubName()

     {

         return pubName;

     }

     public void setPubName(String pubName)

     {

         this.pubName = pubName;

     }

     public byte[] getPreface()

     {

         return preface;

     }

     public void setPreface(byte[] preface)

     {

         this.preface = preface;

     }

 }

上面这两个类一目了然，就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类：

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collection;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;

/**

 * 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息，注明出处！

 *

 * @author leno

 * @version v1.0

 * @param <T>

 *            应用泛型，代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类

 *            注意这里为了简单起见，boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()

 *            byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据

 */

public class ExportExcel<T>

{

    public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)

    {

        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");

    }

    public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

            OutputStream out)

    {

        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");

    }

    public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

            OutputStream out, String pattern)

    {

        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);

    }

    /**

     * 这是一个通用的方法，利用了JAVA的反射机制，可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上

     *

     * @param title

     *            表格标题名

     * @param headers

     *            表格属性列名数组

     * @param dataset

     *            需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的

     *            javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)

     * @param out

     *            与输出设备关联的流对象，可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中

     * @param pattern

     *            如果有时间数据，设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"

     */

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

    public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,

            Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)

    {

        // 声明一个工作薄

        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

        // 生成一个表格

        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);

        // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节

        sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);

        // 生成一个样式

        HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();

        // 设置这些样式

        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);

        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

        style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

        // 生成一个字体

        HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();

        font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);

        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);

        font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);

        // 把字体应用到当前的样式

        style.setFont(font);

        // 生成并设置另一个样式

        HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();

        style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);

        style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

        style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

        style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);

        // 生成另一个字体

        HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();

        font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);

        // 把字体应用到当前的样式

        style2.setFont(font2);

        // 声明一个画图的*管理器

        HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();

        // 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档

        HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,

                0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));

        // 设置注释内容

        comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！"));

        // 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.

        comment.setAuthor("leno");

        // 产生表格标题行

        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);

        for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)

        {

            HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

            cell.setCellStyle(style);

            HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);

            cell.setCellValue(text);

        }

        // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行

        Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();

        int index = 0;

        while (it.hasNext())

        {

            index++;

            row = sheet.createRow(index);

            T t = (T) it.next();

            // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值

            Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

            for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)

            {

                HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

                cell.setCellStyle(style2);

                Field field = fields[i];

                String fieldName = field.getName();

                String getMethodName = "get"

                        + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()

                        + fieldName.substring(1);

                try

                {

                    Class tCls = t.getClass();

                    Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,

                            new Class[]

                            {});

                    Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]

                    {});

                    // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换

                    String textValue = null;

                    // if (value instanceof Integer) {

                    // int intValue = (Integer) value;

                    // cell.setCellValue(intValue);

                    // } else if (value instanceof Float) {

                    // float fValue = (Float) value;

                    // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

                    // String.valueOf(fValue));

                    // cell.setCellValue(textValue);

                    // } else if (value instanceof Double) {

                    // double dValue = (Double) value;

                    // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(

                    // String.valueOf(dValue));

                    // cell.setCellValue(textValue);

                    // } else if (value instanceof Long) {

                    // long longValue = (Long) value;

                    // cell.setCellValue(longValue);

                    // }

                    if (value instanceof Boolean)

                    {

                        boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;

                        textValue = "男";

                        if (!bValue)

                        {

                            textValue = "女";

                        }

                    }

                    else if (value instanceof Date)

                    {

                        Date date = (Date) value;

                        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

                        textValue = sdf.format(date);

                    }

                    else if (value instanceof byte[])

                    {

                        // 有图片时，设置行高为60px;

                        row.setHeightInPoints(60);

                        // 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算

                        sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));

                        // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);

                        byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;

                        HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,

                                1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);

                        anchor.setAnchorType(2);

                        patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(

                                bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理

                        textValue = value.toString();

                    }

                    // 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成

                    if (textValue != null)

                    {

                        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");

                        Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);

                        if (matcher.matches())

                        {

                            // 是数字当作double处理

                            cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(

                                    textValue);

                            HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();

                            font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);

                            richString.applyFont(font3);

                            cell.setCellValue(richString);

                        }

                    }

                }

                catch (SecurityException e)

                {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                catch (NoSuchMethodException e)

                {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                catch (IllegalArgumentException e)

                {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                catch (IllegalAccessException e)

                {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                catch (InvocationTargetException e)

                {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

                finally

                {

                    // 清理资源

                }

            }

        }

        try

        {

            workbook.write(out);

        }

        catch (IOException e)

        {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

        // 测试学生

        ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();

        String[] headers =

        { "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };

        List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();

        dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));

        dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));

        dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));

        // 测试图书

        ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();

        String[] headers2 =

        { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" };

        List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();

        try

        {

            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(

                    new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));

            byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];

            while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)

            {

                //

            }

            dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",

                    "清华出版社", buf));

            dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",

                    "阳光出版社", buf));

            dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",

                    "清华出版社", buf));

            dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",

                    "清华出版社", buf));

            dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",

                    "汤春秀出版社", buf));

            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");

            OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");

            ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);

            ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);

            out.close();

            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");

            System.out.println("excel导出成功！");

        }

        catch (FileNotFoundException e)

        {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        catch (IOException e)

        {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

写完之后，如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的，拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程，用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧！是不是下载成功了。呵呵，您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来，这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考：我们发现，我们做的方法，不管是本地调用，还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用；不管是输出学生列表，还是图书列表信息，代码都几乎一样，而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩，类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦，祝您学习愉快！

简单版 无excel格式样式设置  及excel下载

 package com.howbuy.uaa.utils;

 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

 import java.io.File;

 import java.io.FileInputStream;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.InputStream;

 import java.io.OutputStream;

 import java.lang.reflect.Field;

 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

 import java.lang.reflect.Method;

 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

 import java.util.Collection;

 import java.util.Date;

 import java.util.Iterator;

 import java.util.regex.Matcher;

 import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;

 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

 public class ExportExcel<T> {

     public void exportExcel(String title,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {

         exportExcel(title, null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");

     }

     public void exportExcel(String title,String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,

             OutputStream out) {

         exportExcel(title, headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");

     }

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {

         // 声明一个工作薄

         HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

         // 生成一个表格

         HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);

         // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节

         sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);

         // 生成一个样式

         HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();

         // 生成一个字体

         HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();

         font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);

         // 把字体应用到当前的样式

         style.setFont(font);

         // 产生表格标题行

         HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);

         for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {

             HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

             cell.setCellStyle(style);

             HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);

             cell.setCellValue(text);

         }

         // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行

         Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();

         int index = 0;

         while (it.hasNext()) {

             index++;

             row = sheet.createRow(index);

             T t = (T) it.next();

             // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值

             Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

             for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {

                 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);

                 cell.setCellStyle(style);

                 Field field = fields[i];

                 String fieldName = field.getName();

                 String getMethodName = "get"

                         + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()

                         + fieldName.substring(1);

                 try {

                     Class tCls = t.getClass();

                     Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,

                             new Class[] {});

                     Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});

                     // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换

                     String textValue = null;

                      if (value instanceof Integer) {

                          int intValue = (Integer) value;

                          cell.setCellValue(intValue);

                      }

                      else if (value instanceof Long) {

                          long longValue = (Long) value;

                          cell.setCellValue(longValue);

                      }

                      else if (value instanceof Boolean) {

                         boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;

                         textValue = "1";

                         if (!bValue) {

                             textValue = "0";

                         }

                     } else if (value instanceof Date) {

                         Date date = (Date) value;

                         SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

                         textValue = sdf.format(date);

                     } else {

                         // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理

                         if(value == null)

                         {

                             textValue = "";

                         }

                         else {

                             textValue = value.toString();

                         }

                     }

                     if (textValue != null) {

                         Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");

                         Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);

                         if (matcher.matches()) {

                             // 是数字当作double处理

                             cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));

                         } else {

                             HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(

                                     textValue);

                             richString.applyFont(font);

                             cell.setCellValue(richString);

                         }

                     }

                 } catch (SecurityException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 } finally {

                     // 清理资源

                 }

             }

         }

         try {

             workbook.write(out);

         } catch (IOException e) {

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

     public void downloadExcel(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {

         try {

             // path是指欲下载的文件的路径。

             File file = new File(path);

             String name = file.getName();

             // 取得文件名。

             String filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(name,"utf-8");

             // 清空response

             response.reset();

             // 设置response的Header

             response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="

                     + new String(filename.getBytes()));

             response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());

             OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(

                     response.getOutputStream());

             response.setContentType("application/ms-excel;charset=gb2312");

             // 以流的形式下载文件。

             InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));

             byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];

             fis.read(buffer);

             fis.close();

             toClient.write(buffer);

             toClient.flush();

             toClient.close();

         } catch (IOException ex) {

             ex.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

 }

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